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bitants of their great calamity save the Monument。 This； designed by Sir Christopher Wren； and built at a cost of fourteen thousand five hundred pounds； was erected near where the fire broke out； the better to perpetuate a memory of this catastrophe in the minds of future generations； which purpose it fulfils unto this day。
CHAPTER XIII。
The court repairs to Oxford。Lady Castlemaine's son。Their majesties return to Whitehall。The king quarrels with his mistress。Miss Stuart contemplates marriage。Lady Castlemaine attempts revenge。Charles makes an unpleasant discovery。The maid of honour elopes。His majesty rows down the Thames。Lady Castlemaine's intrigues。Fresh quarrels at court。The king on his knees。
The while such calamities befell the citizens； the king continued to divert himself in his usual fashion。 On the 29th of June； 1665； whilst death strode apace through the capital； reaping full harvests as he went； their majesties left Whitehall for Hampton Court； From here they repaired to Salisbury； and subsequently to Oxford； where Charles took up his residence in Christchurch； and the queen at Merton College。
Removed from harrowing scenes of ghastliness and distress； the court made merry。 Joined by fair women and gallant men； their majesties played at bowls and tennis in the grassy meads of the college grounds； rode abroad in great hawking parties； sailed through summer days upon the smooth waters of the river Isis； and by night held revelry in the massive…beamed oak…panelled halls； from which scarce five…score candles served to chase all gloom。
It happened whilst life thus happily passed； at pleasant full… tide flow； my Lady Castlemaine； who resided in the same college with her majesty； gave birth on the 28th of December to another son； duly baptized George Fitzroy； and subsequently created Duke of Northumberland。 By this time； the plague having subsided in the capital； and all danger of infection passed away； his majesty was anxious to reach London； yet loth to leave his mistress； whom he visited every morning； and to whom he exhibited the uttermost tenderness。 And his tardiness to return becoming displeasing to the citizens； and they being aware of its cause； it was whispered in taverns and cried in the streets； 〃The king cannot go away till my Lady Castlemaine be ready to come along with him；〃 which truth was found offensive on reaching the royal ears。
Towards the end of January； 1666； he returned to Whitehall； and a month later the queen； who had been detained by illness； joined him。 Once more the thread of life was taken up by the court at the point where it had been broken； and woven into the motley web of its strange history。 Unwearied by time； unsatiated by familiarity； the king continued his intrigue with the imperious Castlemaine； and with great longing likewise made love to the beautiful Stuart。 But yet his pursuit of pleasure was not always attended by happiness； inasmuch as he found himself continually involved in quarrels with the countess； which in turn covered him with ridicule in the eyes of his courtiers； and earned him contempt in the opinions of his subjects。
One of these disturbances； which occurred soon after his return from Oxford； began at a royal drawing…room； in presence of the poor slighted queen and ladies of the court。 It happened in the course of conversation her majesty remarked to the countess she feared the king had taken cold by staying so late at her lodgings； to which speech my Lady Castlemaine with some show of temper answered aloud； 〃he did not stay so late abroad with her； for he went betimes thence； though he do not before one； two； or three in the morning； but must stay somewhere else。〃 The king； who had entered the apartment whilst she was speaking； came up to her； and displeased with the insinuations she expressed； declared she was a bold； impertinent woman； and bade her begone from the court； and not return until he sent for her。 Accordingly she whisked from the drawing…room； and drove at once to Pall Mall； where she hired apartments。
Her indignation at being addressed by Charles in such a manner before the court； was sufficiently great to beget strong desires for revenge； when she swore she would be even with him and print his letters to her for public sport。 In cooler moments； however； she abandoned this idea； and in course of two or three days； not hearing from his majesty； she despatched a message to him； not entreating pardon； but asking permission to send for her furniture and belongings。 To this the monarch； who had begun to miss her presence and long for her return； replied she must first come and view them； and then impatient for reconciliation； he sought her； and they became friends once more。 And by way of sealing the bond of pacification； the king soon after agreed to pay her debts； amounting to the sum of thirty thousand pounds； which had been largely incurred by presents bestowed by her upon her lovers。
His majesty was not only rendered miserable by the constant caprices and violent temper of the countess； but likewise by the virtue and coldness Miss Stuart betrayed since her return from Oxford。 The monarch was sorely troubled to account for her bearing； and attributing it to jealousy； sought to soothe her supposed uneasiness by increasing his chivalrous attentions。 Her change of behaviour； however； proceeded from another cause。 The fair Stuart； though childlike in manner； was shrewd at heart； and was moreover guided invariably by her mother； a lady who reaped wisdom from familiarity with courts。 Therefore the maid of honour； seeing she had given the world occasion to think she had lost her virtue； declared she was ready to 〃marry any gentleman of fifteen hundred a year that would have her in honour。〃
This determination she was obliged to keep…secret from the king； lest his anger should fall upon such as sought her； and so interfere with her matrimonial prospects。 Now with such intentions in her mind she pondered well on an event which had happened to her； such as no woman who has had like experience ever forgets； namely； that amongst the many who professed to love her； one had proposed to marry her。 This was Charles Stuart； fourth Duke of Richmond； a man possessed of neither physical gifts nor mental abilities； who was； moreover； a widower； and a sot。
However； the position which her union with him would ensure was all she could desire； and he renewing his suit at this time； she consequently consented to marry him。 Now though it was probable she could keep her design from knowledge of her royal lover； it was scarcely possible she could hide it from observation of his mistress。 And the latter； knowing the extent to which fair Frances Stuart shared his majesty's heart； and being likewise aware of the coldness with which his protestations were by her received； scorned the king and detested the maid。 Lady Castlemaine therefore resolved to use her knowledge of Miss Stuart's contemplated marriage； for purpose of enraging the jealousy of the one； and destroying the influence of the other。 In order to accomplish such desirable ends she quietly awaited her opportunity。 This came in due time。
It happened one evening when his m