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flat ones。〃
Delpech saw a young man in 1829 who had an opening in the palatine vault occasioned by the extraction of a tooth。 This opening communicated with the nasal fossa by a fracture of the palatine and maxillary bones； the employment of an obturator was necessary。 It is not rare to see teeth； generally canine； make their eruption from the vault of the palate； and these teeth are not generally supernumerary； but examples of vice and deviation of position。 Fanton…Touvet； however； gives an example of a supernumerary tooth implanted in the palatine arch。 Branch a describes a little negro boy who had two large teeth in the nose； his dentition was otherwise normal； but a portion of the nose was destroyed by ulceration。 Roy describes a Hindoo lad of fourteen who had a tooth in the nose； supposed to have been a tumor。 It was of the canine type； and was covered with enamel to the junction with the root； which was deeply imbedded in the side and upper part of the antrum。 The boy had a perfect set of permanent teeth and no deformity； swelling； or cystic formation of the jaw。 This was clearly a case of extrafollicular development and eruption of the tooth in an anomalous position； the peculiarity being that while in other similar cases the crown of the tooth shows itself at the floor of the nasal cavity from below upward； in this instance the dental follicle was transposed； the eruption being from above downward。 Hall cites an instance in which the right upper canine of a girl erupted in the nose。 The subject showed marked evidence of hereditary syphilis。 Carver describes a child who had a tooth growing from the lower right eyelid。 The number of deciduous teeth was perfect； although this tooth was canine it had a somewhat bulbulous fang。
Of anomalies of the head the first to be considered will be the anencephalous monsters who； strange to say； have been known to survive birth。 Clericus cites an example of life for five days in a child without a cerebrum。 Heysham records the birth of a child without a cerebrum and remarks that it was kept alive for six days。 There was a child born alive in Italy in 1831 without a brain or a cerebellumin fact； no cranial cavityand yet it lived eleven hours。 A somewhat similar case is recorded in the last century。 In the Philosophical Transactions there is mentioned a child virtually born without a head who lived four days； and Le Duc records a case of a child born without brain； cerebellum； or medulla oblongata； and who lived half an hour。 Brunet describes an anencephalous boy born at term who survived his birth。 Saviard delivered an anencephalous child at term which died in thirty…six hours。 Lawrence mentions a child with brain and cranium deficient that lived five days。 Putnam speaks of a female nosencephalous monster that lived twenty…nine hours。 Angell and Elsner in March； 1895； reported a case of anencephaly； or rather pseudencephaly； associated with double divergent strabismus and limbs in a state of constant spastic contraction。 The infant lived eight days。 Geoffroy…Saint…Hilaire cites an example of anencephaly which lived a quarter of an hour。 Fauvel mentioned one that lived two hours； and Sue describes a similar instance in which life persisted for seven hours and distinct motions were noticed。 Malacarne saw life in one for twelve hours； and Mery has given a description of a child born without brain that lived almost a full day and took nourishment。 In the Hotel…Dieu in Paris in 1812 Serres saw a monster of this type which lived three days； and was fed on milk and sugared water； as no nurse could be found who was willing to suckle it。
Fraser mentions a brother and sister； aged twenty and thirty； respectively； who from birth had exhibited signs of defective development of the cerebellum。 They lacked power of coordination and walked with a drunken； staggering gait； they could not touch the nose with the finger when their eyes were shut； etc。 The parents of these unfortunate persons were perfectly healthy； as were the rest of their family。 Cruveilhier cites a case of a girl of eleven who had absolutely no cerebellum； with the same symptoms which are characteristic in such cases。 There is also recorded the history of a man who was deficient in the corpus callosum； at the age of sixty…two； though of feeble intelligence； he presented no signs of nervous disorder。 Claude Bernard made an autopsy on a woman who had no trace of olfactory lobes； and after a minute inquiry into her life he found that her sense of smell had been good despite her deficiency。
Buhring relates the history of a case somewhat analogous to viability of anencephalous monsters。 It was a bicephalous child that lived thirty…two hours after he had ligated one of its heads。
｛footnote｝ The argument that the brain is not the sole organ of the mind is in a measure substantiated by a wonderful case of a decapitated rooster； reported from Michigan。 A stroke of the knife bad severed the larynx and removed the whole mass of the cerebrum； leaving the inner aspect and base of the skull exposed。 The cerebrum was partly removed； the external auditory meatus was preserved。 Immediately after the decapitation the rooster was left to its supposed death struggles； but it ran headless to the barn； where it was secured and subsequently fed by pushing corn down its esophagus； and allowing water to trickle into this tube from the spout of an oil…can。 The phenomena exhibited by the rooster were quite interesting。 It made all the motions of pecking； strutted about； flapped its wings； attempted to crow； but； of course； without making any sound。 It exhibited no signs of incoordination； but did not seem to hear。 A ludicrous exhibition was the absurd； sidelong pas seul made toward the hens。
Ward mentions an instance of congenital absence of the corpora callosum。 Paget and Henry mention cases in which the corpora callosum； the fornix； and septum lucidum were imperfectly formed。 Maunoir reports congenital malformation of the brain； consisting of almost complete absence of the occipital lobe。 The patient died at the twenty…eighth month。 Combettes reports the case of a girl who died at the age of eleven who had complete absence of the cerebellum in addition to other minor structural defects； this was probably the case mentioned by Cruveilhier。
Diminution in volume of the head is called microcephaly。 Probably the most remarkable case on record is that mentioned by Lombroso。 The individual was called 〃l'homme…oiseau；〃 or the human bird； and his cranial capacity was only 390 c。c。 Lombroso speaks of another individual called 〃l'homme…lapin；〃 or man…rabbit； whose cranium was only slightly larger than that of the other； measuring 490 mm。 in circumference。 Castelli alludes to endemic microcephaly among some of the peoples of Asia。 We also find it in the Caribbean Islands； and from the skulls and portraits of the ancient Aztecs we are led to believe that they were also microcephalic。
Two creatures of celebrity were Maximo and Bartola； who for twenty…five years have been shown in America and in Europe under the name of the 〃Aztecs〃 or the 〃Aztec children〃。 They were male and female and very short； with heads resembling closely the bas…reliefs on the