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er jaw and the other had one tooth well through。 Levison saw a female born with two central incisors in the lower jaw。
Thomas mentions a case of antenatal development of nine teeth。 Puech； Mattei； Dumas； Belluzi； and others report the eruption of teeth in the newborn。 In Dumas' case the teeth had to be extracted on account of ulceration of the tongue。 Instances of triple dentition late in life are quite numerous； many occurring after a hundred years。 Mentzelius speaks of a man of one hundred and ten who had nine new teeth。 Lord Bacon cites the case of a Countess Desmond； who when over a century old had two new teeth； Hufeland saw an instance of dentition at one hundred and sixteen； Nitzsch speaks of one at one hundred； and the Ephemerides contain an account of a triple dentition at one hundred and twenty。 There is an account of a country laborer who lost all his teeth by the time he arrived at his sixtieth year of age； but about a half year afterward a new set made their appearance。 Bisset mentions an account of an old woman who acquired twelve molar teeth at the age of ninety…eight。 Carre notes a case of dental eruption in an individual of eighty…five。 Mazzoti speaks of a third dentition； and Ysabeau writes of dentition of a molar at the age of ninety…two。 There is a record of a physician of the name of Slave who retained all his second teeth until the age of eighty； when they fell out； after five years another set appeared； which he retained until his death at one hundred。 In the same report there is mentioned an old Scotchman who died at one hundred and ten； whose teeth were renewed at an advanced age after he had lost his second teeth。 One of the older journals speaks of dentition at seventy； eighty…four； ninety； and one hundred and fourteen。 The Philosophical Transactions of London contain accounts of dentition at seventy…five and eighty…one。 Bassett tells of an old woman who had twelve molar teeth at the age of eighty…eight。 In France there is recorded dentition at eighty…five and an account of an old man of seventy…three who had six new teeth。 Von Helmont relates an instance of triple dentition at the same age。 There is recorded in Germany an account of a woman of ninety who had dentition at forty…seven and sixty…seven； each time a new set of teeth appearing； Hunter and Petrequin have observed similar cases。 Carter describes an example of third dentition。 Lison makes a curious observation of a sixth dentition。
Edentulousness。We have already noticed the association of congenital alopecia with edentulousness； but； strange to say； Magitot has remarked that 〃l'homme…chien；〃 was the subject of defective dentition。 Borellus found atrophy of all the dental follicles in a woman of sixty who never had possessed any teeth。 Fanton…Touvet saw a boy of nine who had never had teeth； and Fox a woman who had but four in both jaws； Tomes cites several similar instances。 Hutchinson speaks of a child who was perfectly edentulous as to temporary teeth； but who had the permanent teeth duly and fully erupted。 Guilford describes a man of forty…eight； who was edentulous from birth； who also totally lacked the sense of smell； and was almost without the sense of taste； the surface of his body was covered with fine hairs and he had never had visible perspiration。 This is probably the same case quoted in the foregoing paragraph in regard to the anomalies of hair。 Otto； quoted by Sedgwick； speaks of two brothers who were both totally edentulous。 It might be interesting in this connection to note that Oudet found in a fetus at term all the dental follicles in a process of suppuration； leaving no doubt that； if the fetus had been born viable； it would have been edentulous。 Giraldes mentions the absence of teeth in an infant of sixteen months。 Bronzet describes a child of twelve； with only half its teeth； in whom the alveolar borders receded as in age。 Baumes remarks that he had seen a man who never had any teeth。
The anomalies of excessive dentition are of several varieties； those of simple supernumerary teeth； double or triple rows； and those in anomalous positions。 Ibbetson saw a child with five incisors in the inferior maxillary bone； and Fanton…Touvet describes a young lady who possessed five large incisors of the first dentition in the superior maxilla。 Rayer notes a case of dentition of four canines； which first made their appearance after pain for eight days in the jaws and associated with convulsions。 In an Ethiopian Soemmering has seen one molar too many on each side and in each jaw。 Ploucquet and Tesmer have seen five incisors and Fanchard six。 Many persons have the supernumerary teeth parallel with their neighbors； anteriorly or posteriorly。 Costa reports a case in which there were five canine teeth in the upper jaw； two placed laterally on either side； and one on the right side behind the other two。 The patient was twenty…six years of age； well formed and in good health。
In some cases there is fusion of the teeth。 Pliny； Bartholinus； and Melanthon pretend to have seen the union of all the teeth； making a continuous mass。 In the 〃Musee de l'ecole dentaire de Paris〃 there are several milk…teeth； both of the superior and inferior maxilla； which are fused together。 Bloch cites a case in which there were two rows of teeth in the superior maxilla。 Hellwig has observed three rows of teeth； and the Ephemerides contain an account of a similar anomaly。
Extraoral Dentition。Probably the most curious anomaly of teeth is that in which they are found in other than normal positions。 Albinus speaks of teeth in the nose and orbit； Borellus； in the palate； Fabricius Hildanus； under the tongue； Schenck； from the palate； and there are many similar modern records。 Heister in 1743 wrote a dissertation on extraoral teeth。 The following is a recent quotation：
〃In the Norsk Magazin fur Laegevidenskaben； January； 1895； it is reported that Dr。 Dave； at a meeting of the Medical Society in Christiania； showed a tooth removed from the nose of a woman aged fifty…three。 The patient had consulted him for ear…trouble； and the tooth was found accidentally during the routine examination。 It was easily removed； having been situated in a small depression at the junction of the floor and external wall of the nasal cavity； 22 mm。 from the external nares。 This patient had all her teeth； they were placed somewhat far from each other。 The tooth resembled a milk canine； the end of the imperfect root was covered with a fold of mucous membrane； with stratified epithelium。 The speaker suggested that part of the mucous membrane of the mouth with its tooth…germ had become impacted between the superior and premaxillary bones and thus cut off from the cavity of the mouth。 Another speaker criticised this fetal dislocation and believed it to be due to an inversiona development in the wrong directionby which the tooth had grown upward into the nose。 The same speaker also pointed out that the stratified epithelium of the mucous membrane did not prove a connection with the cavity of the mouth； as it is known that cylindric epithelium…cells after irritative processes are replaced by flat ones。〃
Delpech saw a young man in 1829 who had an opening in the palatine vault occasioned