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cupboard and the huge turtle fell out； greatly startling her by its hideous appearance as it fell suddenly to the floor and began to move vigorously。
Copeland mentions a curious case in which a woman was attacked by a rattlesnake when in her sixth month of pregnancy； and gave birth to a child whose arm exhibited the shape and action of a snake； and involuntarily went through snake…like movements。 The face and mouth also markedly resembled the head of a snake。
The teeth were situated like a serpent's fangs。 The mere mention of a snake filled the child （a man of twenty…nine） with great horror and rage； 〃particularly in the snake season。〃 Beale gives the history of a case of a child born with its left eye blackened as by a blow； whose mother was struck in a corresponding portion of the face eight hours before confinement。 There is on record an account of a young man of twenty…one suffering from congenital deformities attributed to the fact that his mother was frightened by a guinea…pig having been thrust into her face during pregnancy。 He also had congenital deformity of the right auricle。 At the autopsy； all the skin； tissues； muscles； and bones were found involved。 Owen speaks of a woman who was greatly excited ten months previously by a prurient curiosity to see what appearance the genitals of her brother presented after he had submitted to amputation of the penis on account of carcinoma。 The whole penis had been removed。 The woman stated that from the time she had thus satisfied herself； her mind was unceasingly engaged in reflecting and sympathizing on the forlorn condition of her brother。 While in this mental state she gave birth to a son whose penis was entirely absent； but who was otherwise well and likely to live。 The other portions of the genitals were perfect and well developed。 The appearance of the nephew and the uncle was identical。 A most peculiar case is stated by Clerc as occurring in the experience of Kuss of Strasburg。 A woman had a negro paramour in America with whom she had had sexual intercourse several times。 She was put in a convent on the Continent； where she stayed two years。 On leaving the convent she married a white man； and nine months after she gave birth to a dark…skinned child。 The supposition was that during her abode in the convent and the nine months subsequently she had the image of her black paramour constantly before her。 Loin speaks of a woman who was greatly impressed by the actions of a clown at a circus； and who brought into the world a child that resembled the fantastic features of the clown in a most striking manner。
Mackay describes five cases in which fright produced distinct marks on the fetus。 There is a case mentioned in which a pregnant woman was informed that an intimate friend had been thrown from his horse； the immediate cause of death was fracture of the skull； produced by the corner of a dray against which the rider was thrown。 The mother was profoundly impressed by the circumstance； which was minutely described to her by an eye…witness。 Her child at birth presented a red and sensitive area upon the scalp corresponding in location with the fatal injury in the rider。 The child is now an adult woman； and this area upon the scalp remains red and sensitive to pressure； and is almost devoid of hair。 Mastin of Mobile； Alabama； reports a curious instance of maternal impression。 During the sixth month of the pregnancy of the mother her husband was shot； the ball passing out through the left breast。 The woman was naturally much shocked； and remarked to Dr。 Mastin： 〃Doctor； my baby will be ruined； for when I saw the wound I put my hands over my face； and got it covered with blood； and I know my baby will have a bloody face。〃 The child came to term without a bloody face。 It had； however； a well…defined spot on the left breast just below the site of exit of the ball from its father's chest。 The spot was about the size of a silver half…dollar； and had elevated edges of a bright red color； and was quite visible at the distance of one hundred feet。 The authors have had personal communication with Dr。 Mastin in regard to this case； which he considers the most positive evidence of a case of maternal impression that he has ever met。
Paternal Impressions。Strange as are the foregoing cases； those of paternal impression eclipse them。 Several are on record； but none are of sufficient authenticity to warrant much discussion on the subject。 Those below are given to illustrate the method of report。 Stahl； quoted by Steinan； 1843； speaks of the case of a child； the father being a soldier who lost an eye in the war。 The child was born with one of its eyes dried up in the orbit； in this respect presenting an appearance like that of the father。 Schneider says a man whose wife was expecting confinement dreamt that his oldest son stood beside his bedside with his genitals much mutilated and bleeding。 He awoke in a great state of agitation； and a few days later the wife was delivered of a child with exstrophy of the bladder。 Hoare recites the curious story of a man who vowed that if his next child was a daughter he would never speak to it。 The child proved to be a son； and during the whole of the father's life nothing could induce the son to speak to his father； nor； in fact； to any other male person； but after the father's death he talked fluently to both men and women。 Clark reports the birth of a child whose father had a stiff knee…joint； and the child's knee was stiff and bent in exactly the same position as that of its father。
Telegony。The influence of the paternal seed on the physical and mental constitution of the child is well known。 To designate this condition； Telegony is the word that was coined by Weismann in his 〃Das Keimplasma；〃 and he defines it as 〃Infection of the Germ；〃 and； at another time； as 〃Those doubtful instances in which the offspring is said to resemble； not the father； but an early mate of the mother；〃or； in other words； the alleged influence of a previous sire on the progeny produced by a subsequent one from the same mother。 In a systematic discussion of telegony before the Royal Medical Society； Edinburgh； on March 1； 1895； Brunton Blaikie； as a means of making the definition of telegony plainer by practical example； prefaced his remarks by citing the classic example which first drew the attention of the modern scientific world to this phenomenon。 The facts of this case were communicated in a letter from the Earl of Morton to the President of the Royal Society in 1821； and were as follows： In the year 1816 Lord Morton put a male quagga to a young chestnut mare of 7/8 Arabian blood； which had never before been bred from。 The result was a female hybrid which resembled both parents。 He now sold the mare to Sir Gore Ousley； who two years after she bore the hybrid put her to a black Arabian horse。 During the two following years she had two foals which Lord Morton thus describes： 〃They have the character of the Arabian breed as decidedly as can be expected when 15/16 of the blood are Arabian； and they are fine specimens of the breed； but both in their color and in the hair of their manes they have a striking resemblance to the quagga。 Their color is bay； marked more or les