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。 Volgnarius has seen a grain of wheat make its exit from the axilla； and Polisius mentions an abscess of the back from which was extracted a grain of wheat three months after ingestion。 Bally reports a somewhat similar instance； in which； three months after ingestion； during an attack of peripneumonia； a foreign body was extracted from an abscess of the thorax； between the 2d and 3d ribs。 Ambrose found a needle encysted in the heart of a negress。 She distinctly stated that she had swallowed it at a time calculated to have been nine years before her death。 Planque speaks of a small bone perforating the esophagus and extracted through the skin。
Abscess or ulceration； consequent upon periesophagitis； caused by the lodgment of foreign bodies in the esophagus； often leads to the most serious results。 There is an instance of a soldier who swallowed a bone while eating soup； who died on the thirty…first day from the rupture internally of an esophageal abscess。 Grellois has reported the history of a case of a child twenty…two months old； who suffered for some time with impaction of a small bone in the esophagus。 Less than three months afterward the patient died with all the symptoms of marasmus； due to difficult deglutition； and at the autopsy an abscess was seen in the posterior wall of the pharynx； opposite the 3d cervical vertebra； extensive caries was also noticed in the bodies of the 2d； 3d； and 4th cervical vertebrae。 Guattani mentions a curious instance in which a man playing with a chestnut threw it in the air； catching it in his mouth。 The chestnut became lodged in the throat and caused death on the nineteenth day。 At the autopsy it was found that an abscess communicating with the trachea had been formed in the pharynx and esophagus。
A peculiarly fatal accident in this connection is that in which a foreign body in the esophagus ulcerates； and penetrates one of the neighboring major vessels。 Colles mentions a man of fifty…six who； while eating； perceived a sensation as of a rent in the chest。 The pain was augmented during deglutition； and almost immediately afterward he commenced to expectorate great quantities of blood。 On the following day he vomited a bone about an inch long and died on the same day。 At the autopsy it was found that there was a rent in the posterior wall of the esophagus； about 1/2 inch long； and a corresponding wound of the aorta。 There was blood in the pleura； pericardium； stomach； and intestines。 There is one case in which a man of forty…seven suddenly died； after vomiting blood； and at the autopsy it was demonstrated that a needle had perforated the posterior wall of the esophagus and wounded the aorta。 Poulet has collected 31 cases in which ulceration caused by foreign bodies in the esophagus has resulted in perforation of the walls of some of the neighboring vessels。 The order of frequency was as follows： aorta； 17； carotids； four； vena cava； two； and one case each of perforation of the inferior thyroid artery； right coronary vein； demi…azygos vein； the right subclavicular artery （abnormal）； and the esophageal artery。 In three of the cases collected there was no autopsy and the vessel affected was not known。
In a child of three years that had swallowed a half…penny； Atkins reports rupture of the innominate artery。 No symptoms developed； but six weeks later； the child had an attack of ulcerative stomatitis； from which it seemed to be recovering nicely； when suddenly it ejected two ounces of bright red blood in clots； and became collapsed out of proportion to the loss of blood。 Under treatment； it rallied somewhat； but soon afterward it ejected four ounces more of blood and died in a few minutes。 At the autopsy 3/4 pint of blood was found in the stomach； and a perforation was discovered on the right side of the esophagus； leading into a cavity； in which a blackened half…penny was found。 A probe passed along the aorta into the innominate protruded into the same cavity about the bifurcation of the vessel。
Denonvilliers has described a perforation of the esophagus and aorta by a five…franc piece。 A preserved preparation of this case； showing the coin in situ； is in the Musee Dupuytren。 Blaxland relates the instance of a woman of forty…five who swallowed a fish bone； was seized with violent hematemesis； and died in eight hours。 The necropsy revealed a penetration of the aorta through the thoracic portion of the esophagus。 There is also in the Musee Dupuytren a preparation described by Bousquet； in which the aorta and the esophagus were perforated by a very irregular piece of bone。 Mackenzie mentions an instance of death from perforation of the aorta by a fish…bone。
In some cases penetration of the esophagus allows the further penetration of some neighboring membrane or organ in the same manner as the foregoing cases。 Dudley mentions a case in which fatal hemorrhage was caused by penetration of the esophagus and lung by a chicken…bone。 Buist speaks of a patient who swallowed two artificial teeth。 On the following day there was pain in the epigastrium； and by the fourth day the pain extended to the vertebrae； with vomiting； delirium； and death on the fifth day。 At the autopsy it was found that a foreign body； seven cm。 long had perforated the pericardium； causing a suppurative pericarditis。 Dagron reports a unique instance of death by purulent infection arising from perforation of the esophagus by a pin。 The patient was a man of forty…two； and； some six weeks before he presented himself for treatment； before swallowing had experienced a severe pain low down in the neck。 Five days before admission he had had a severe chill； followed by sweating and delirium。 He died of a supraclavicular abscess on the fifth day； a black steel pin was found against the esophagus and trachea。
In connection with foreign bodies in the esophagus； it might be interesting to remark that Ashhurst has collected 129 cases of esophagotomy for the removal of foreign bodies； resulting in 95 recoveries and 34 deaths。 Gaudolphe collected 142 cases with 110 recoveries。
Injuries of the neck are usually inflicted with suicidal intent or in battle。 Cornelius Nepos says that while fighting against the Lacedemonians； Epaminondas was sensible of having received a mortal wound； and apprehending that the lance was stopping a wound in an important vessel； remarked that he would die when it was withdrawn。 When he was told that the Boeotians had conquered； exclaiming 〃I die unconquered；〃 he drew out the lance and perished。 Petrus de Largenta speaks of a man with an arrow in one of his carotids； who was but slightly affected before its extraction； but who died immediately after the removal of the arrow。 Among the remarkable recoveries from injuries of the neck is that mentioned by Boerhaave； of a young man who lived nine or ten days after receiving a sword…thrust through the neck between the 4th and 5th vertebrae； dividing the vertebral artery。 Benedictus； Bonacursius； and Monroe； all mention recovery after cases of cut…throat in which the esophagus as well as the trachea was wounded； and food protruded from the external cut。 Warren relates the history of a case in which the vertebral artery was wounded by the discharge of a pistol load