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ys。 Dantra is accredited with describing asphyxiation； accompanied by great agony； in a man who； while swimming； had partially swallowed a live fish。 The fish was about three inches in length and one in breadth； and was found lying on the dorsum of his tongue and； together with numerous clots of blood； filled his mouth。 Futile attempts to extract the fish by forceps were made。 Examination showed that the fish had firmly grasped the patient's uvula； which it was induced to relinquish when its head was seized by the forceps and pressed from side to side。 After this it was easily extracted and lived for some time。 There was little hemorrhage after the removal of the offending object； and the blood had evidently come from the injuries to the sides of the mouth； caused by the fins。 The uvula was bitten； not torn。 There is an interesting account of a native of India； who； while fishing in a stream； caught a flat eel…like fish from fifteen to sixteen inches long。 After the fashion of his fellows he attempted to kill the eel by biting off its head； in the attempt the fish slipped into his gullet； and owing to its sharp fins could not be withdrawn。 The man died one hour later in the greatest agony； so firmly was the eel impacted that even after death it could not be extracted； and the man was buried with it protruding from his mouth。
A Leech in the Pharynx。Granger； a surgeon in Her Majesty's Indian Service； writes：〃Several days ago I received a note from the political sirdar； asking me if I would see a man who said he had a leech in his throat which he was unable to get rid of。 I was somewhat sceptical； and thought that possibly the man might be laboring under a delusion。 On going outside the fort to see the case； I found an old Pathan graybeard waiting for me。 On seeing me； he at once spat out a large quantity of dark； half…clotted blood to assure me of the serious nature of his complaint。 His historymostly made out with the aid of interpreterswas that eleven days ago he was drinking from a rain…water tank and felt something stick in his throat； which he could not reject。 He felt this thing moving； and it caused difficulty in swallowing； and occasionally vomiting。 On the following day he began to spit up blood； and this continued until he saw me。 He stated that he once vomited blood； and that he frequently felt that he was going to choke。
On examining his throat； a large clot of blood was found to be adherent to the posterior wall of the pharynx。 On removing this clot of blood； no signs of the presence of a leech could be detected。 However； on account of the symptoms complained of by the patient I introduced a polypus forceps into the lower part of the pharynx and toward the esophagus； where a body； distinctly moving； was felt。 This body I seized with the forceps； and with considerable force managed to remove it。 It was a leech between 2 1/2 and three inches in length； and with a body of the size of a Lee…Metford bullet。 No doubt during the eleven days it had remained in the man's throat the leech had increased in size。 Nevertheless it must have been an animal of considerable size when the man attempted to swallow it。 I send this case as a typical example of the carelessness of natives of the class from which we enlist our Sepoys； as to the nature of the water they drink。 This man had drunk the pea…soup like water of a tank dug in the side of the hill； rather than go a few hundred yards to a spring where the water is perfectly clear and pure。 Though I have not met with another case of leeches being taken with drinking water； I am assured that such cases are occasionally met with about Agra and other towns in the North…West Provinces。 This great carelessness as to the purity or impurity of their drinking water shows the difficulty medical officers must experience in their endeavors to prevent the Sepoys of a regiment from drinking water from condemned or doubtful sources during a cholera or typhoid epidemic。〃
Foreign Bodies in the Pharynx and Esophagus。Aylesbury mentions a boy who swallowed a fish…hook while eating gooseberries。 He tried to pull it up； but it was firmly fastened； and a surgeon was called。 By ingeniously passing a leaden bullet along the line； the weight of the lead loosened the hook； and both bullet and hook were easily drawn up。 Babbit and Battle report an ingenious method of removing a piece of meat occluding the esophagusthe application of trypsin。 Henry speaks of a German officer who accidentally swallowed a piece of beer bottle； 3/8 x 1/8 inch； which subsequently penetrated the esophagus； and in its course irritated the recurrent laryngeal and vagi； giving rise to the most serious phlegmonous inflammation and distressing respiratory symptoms。 A peculiar case is that of the man who died after a fire at the Eddystone Lighthouse。 He was endeavoring to extinguish the flames which were at a considerable distance above his head； and was looking up with his mouth open； when the lead of a melting lantern dropped down in such quantities as not only to cover his face and enter his mouth； but run over his clothes。 The esophagus and tunica in the lower part of the stomach were burned； and a great piece of lead； weighing over 7 1/2 ounces； was taken from the stomach after death。
Evans relates the history of a girl of twenty…one who swallowed four artificial teeth； together with their gold plate； two years and eight days afterward she ejected them after a violent attack of retching。 Gauthier speaks of a young girl who； while eating soup； swallowed a fragment of bone。 For a long time she had symptoms simulating phthisis； but fourteen years afterward the bone was dislodged； and； although the young woman was considered in the last stages of phthisis； she completely recovered in six weeks。 Gastellier has reported the case of a young man of sixteen who swallowed a crown piece； which became lodged in the middle portion of the esophagus and could not be removed。 For ten months the piece of money remained in this position； during which the young man was never without acute pain and often had convulsions。 He vomited material； sometimes alimentary； sometimes mucus； pus； or blood； and went into the last stage of marasmus。 At last； after this long…continued suffering； following a strong convulsion and syncope； the coin descended to the stomach； and the young man expectorated great quantities of pus。 After thirty…five years； the coin had not been passed by the rectum。
Instances of migration of foreign bodies from the esophagus are repeatedly recorded。 There is an instance of a needle which was swallowed and lodged in the esophagus； but twenty…one months afterward was extracted by an incision at a point behind the right ear。 Kerckring speaks of a girl who swallowed a needle which was ultimately extracted from the muscles of her neck。 Poulet remarks that Vigla has collected the most interesting of these cases of migration of foreign bodies。 Hevin mentions several cases of grains of wheat abstracted from abscesses of the thoracic parietes； from thirteen to fifteen days after ingestion。 Bonnet and Helmontius have reported similar facts。 Volgnarius has seen a grain of wheat make its exit from the axilla； and Polisius mentions an absce