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have no pleasure in conjecturing。 It is something that its present
state is at least not ostentatiously displayed。 Where there is yet
shame； there may in time be virtue。
The dissolution of St。 Leonard's college was doubtless necessary；
but of that necessity there is reason to complain。 It is surely
not without just reproach； that a nation； of which the commerce is
hourly extending； and the wealth encreasing； denies any
participation of its prosperity to its literary societies； and
while its merchants or its nobles are raising palaces； suffers its
universities to moulder into dust。
Of the two colleges yet standing； one is by the institution of its
founder appropriated to Divinity。 It is said to be capable of
containing fifty students； but more than one must occupy a chamber。
The library； which is of late erection； is not very spacious； but
elegant and luminous。
The doctor； by whom it was shewn； hoped to irritate or subdue my
English vanity by telling me； that we had no such repository of
books in England。
Saint Andrews seems to be a place eminently adapted to study and
education； being situated in a populous； yet a cheap country； and
exposing the minds and manners of young men neither to the levity
and dissoluteness of a capital city； nor to the gross luxury of a
town of commerce； places naturally unpropitious to learning； in one
the desire of knowledge easily gives way to the love of pleasure；
and in the other； is in danger of yielding to the love of money。
The students however are represented as at this time not exceeding
a hundred。 Perhaps it may be some obstruction to their increase
that there is no episcopal chapel in the place。 I saw no reason
for imputing their paucity to the present professors； nor can the
expence of an academical education be very reasonably objected。 A
student of the highest class may keep his annual session； or as the
English call it； his term； which lasts seven months； for about
fifteen pounds； and one of lower rank for less than ten； in which
board； lodging； and instruction are all included。
The chief magistrate resident in the university； answering to our
vice…chancellor； and to the rector magnificus on the continent； had
commonly the title of Lord Rector； but being addressed only as Mr。
Rector in an inauguratory speech by the present chancellor； he has
fallen from his former dignity of style。 Lordship was very
liberally annexed by our ancestors to any station or character of
dignity： They said； the Lord General； and Lord Ambassador； so we
still say； my Lord； to the judge upon the circuit； and yet retain
in our Liturgy the Lords of the Council。
In walking among the ruins of religious buildings； we came to two
vaults over which had formerly stood the house of the sub…prior。
One of the vaults was inhabited by an old woman； who claimed the
right of abode there； as the widow of a man whose ancestors had
possessed the same gloomy mansion for no less than four
generations。 The right； however it began； was considered as
established by legal prescription； and the old woman lives
undisturbed。 She thinks however that she has a claim to something
more than sufferance； for as her husband's name was Bruce； she is
allied to royalty； and told Mr。 Boswell that when there were
persons of quality in the place； she was distinguished by some
notice； that indeed she is now neglected； but she spins a thread；
has the company of her cat； and is troublesome to nobody。
Having now seen whatever this ancient city offered to our
curiosity； we left it with good wishes； having reason to be highly
pleased with the attention that was paid us。 But whoever surveys
the world must see many things that give him pain。 The kindness of
the professors did not contribute to abate the uneasy remembrance
of an university declining； a college alienated； and a church
profaned and hastening to the ground。
St。 Andrews indeed has formerly suffered more atrocious ravages and
more extensive destruction； but recent evils affect with greater
force。 We were reconciled to the sight of archiepiscopal ruins。
The distance of a calamity from the present time seems to preclude
the mind from contact or sympathy。 Events long past are barely
known； they are not considered。 We read with as little emotion the
violence of Knox and his followers； as the irruptions of Alaric and
the Goths。 Had the university been destroyed two centuries ago； we
should not have regretted it； but to see it pining in decay and
struggling for life； fills the mind with mournful images and
ineffectual wishes。
ABERBROTHICK
As we knew sorrow and wishes to be vain； it was now our business to
mind our way。 The roads of Scotland afford little diversion to the
traveller； who seldom sees himself either encountered or overtaken；
and who has nothing to contemplate but grounds that have no visible
boundaries； or are separated by walls of loose stone。 From the
bank of the Tweed to St。 Andrews I had never seen a single tree；
which I did not believe to have grown up far within the present
century。 Now and then about a gentleman's house stands a small
plantation； which in Scotch is called a policy； but of these there
are few； and those few all very young。 The variety of sun and
shade is here utterly unknown。 There is no tree for either shelter
or timber。 The oak and the thorn is equally a stranger； and the
whole country is extended in uniform nakedness； except that in the
road between Kirkaldy and Cowpar； I passed for a few yards between
two hedges。 A tree might be a show in Scotland as a horse in
Venice。 At St。 Andrews Mr。 Boswell found only one； and recommended
it to my notice； I told him that it was rough and low； or looked as
if I thought so。 This； said he； is nothing to another a few miles
off。 I was still less delighted to hear that another tree was not
to be seen nearer。 Nay； said a gentleman that stood by； I know but
of this and that tree in the county。
The Lowlands of Scotland had once undoubtedly an equal portion of
woods with other countries。 Forests are every where gradually
diminished； as architecture and cultivation prevail by the increase
of people and the introduction of arts。 But I believe few regions
have been denuded like this； where many centuries must have passed
in waste without the least thought of future supply。 Davies
observes in his account of Ireland； that no Irishman had ever
planted an orchard。 For that negligence some excuse might be drawn
from an unsettled state of life； and the instability of property；
but in Scotland possession has long been secure； and inheritance
regular； yet it may be doubted whether before the Union any man
between Edinburgh and England had ever set a tree。
Of this improvidence no other account can be given than that it
probably began in times of tumult； and continued because it had
begun。 Established custom is not easily broken； till some great
event shakes the whole system of things； and life seems to
recommence upon new principles。 That before the Union the Scots
had little trade and little money； is no valid apology； for
plantation is the least expensive of all methods