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he southrons should escape we have a reference to the 〃beastly habit of drinking from a tankard in which perhaps a dozen filthy mouths have slabbered as is the custom in England。〃 With all his coarsenesses this blunt Scot was a pioneer and fugleman of the niceties。 Between times most nations are gibbetted in this slashing epistle。 The ingenious boasting of the French is well hit off in the observation of the chevalier that the English doubtless drank every day to the health of the Marquise de Pompadour。 The implication reminded Smollett of a narrow escape from a duello （an institution he reprobates with the utmost trenchancy in this book） at Ghent in 1749 with a Frenchman who affirmed that Marlborough's battles were purposely lost by the French generals in order to mortify Mme。 de Maintenon。 Two incidents of some importance to Smollett occurred during the three months' sojourn at Boulogne。 Through the intervention of the English Ambassador at Paris （the Earl of Hertford） he got back his books； which had been impounded by the Customs as likely to contain matter prejudicial to the state or religion of France； and had them sent south by shipboard to Bordeaux。 Secondly； he encountered General Paterson； a friendly Scot in the Sardinian service； who confirmed what an English physician had told Smollett to the effect that the climate of Nice was infinitely preferable to that of Montpellier 〃with respect to disorders of the breast。〃 Smollett now hires a berline and four horses for fourteen louis； and sets out with rather a heavy heart for Paris。 It is problematic； he assures his good friend Dr。 Moore； whether he will ever return。 〃My health is very precarious。〃
IV
The rapid journey to Paris by way of Montreuil； Amiens； and Clermont； about one hundred and fifty…six miles from Boulogne； the last thirty…six over a paved road； was favourable to superficial observation and the normal corollary of epigram。 Smollett was much impressed by the mortifying indifference of the French innkeepers to their clients。 〃It is a very odd contrast between France and England。 In the former all the people are complaisant but the publicans； in the latter there is hardly any complaisance but among the publicans。〃 ＇In regard to two exceptional instances of politeness on the part of innkeepers； Smollett attributes one case to dementia； the other； at Lerici； to mental shock； caused by a recent earthquake。＇ Idleness and dissipation confront the traveller； not such a good judge； perhaps； as was Arthur Young four…and…twenty years later。 〃Every object seems to have shrunk in its dimensions since I was last in Paris。〃 Smollett was an older man by fifteen years since he visited the French capital in the first flush of his success as an author。 The dirt and gloom of French apartments； even at Versailles； offend his English standard of comfort。 〃After all； it is in England only where we must look for cheerful apartments； gay furniture； neatness； and convenience。 There is a strange incongruity in the French genius。 With all their volatility； prattle； and fondness for bons mots they delight in a species of drawling； melancholy； church music。 Their most favourite dramatic pieces are almost without incident； and the dialogue of their comedies consists of moral insipid apophthegms； entirely destitute of wit or repartee。〃 While amusing himself with the sights of Paris； Smollett drew up that caustic delineation of the French character which as a study in calculated depreciation has rarely been surpassed。 He conceives the Frenchman entirely as a petit…maitre； and his view； though far removed from Chesterfield's； is not incompatible with that of many of his cleverest contemporaries； including Sterne。 He conceives of the typical Frenchman as regulating his life in accordance with the claims of impertinent curiosity and foppery； gallantry and gluttony。 Thus：
〃If a Frenchman is capable of real friendship； it must certainly be the most disagreeable present he can possibly make to a man of a true English character。 You know； madam； we are naturally taciturn； soon tired of impertinence； and much subject to fits of disgust。 Your French friend intrudes upon you at all hours； he stuns you with his loquacity； he teases you with impertinent questions about your domestic and private affairs； he attempts to meddle in all your concerns； and forces his advice upon you with the most unwearied importunity； he asks the price of everything you wear； and； so sure as you tell him； undervalues it without hesitation； he affirms it is in a bad taste； ill contrived； ill made； that you have been imposed upon both with respect to the fashion and the price； that the marquis of this； or the countess of that； has one that is perfectly elegant； quite in the bon ton； and yet it cost her little more than you gave for a thing that nobody would wear。
〃If a Frenchman is admitted into your family； and distinguished by repeated marks of your friendship and regard； the first return he makes for your civilities is to make love to your wife； if she is handsome； if not； to your sister； or daughter； or niece。 If he suffers a repulse from your wife； or attempts in vain to debauch your sister； or your daughter； or your niece； he will； rather than not play the traitor with his gallantry； make his addresses to your grandmother； and ten to one but in one shape or another he will find means to ruin the peace of a family in which he has been so kindly entertained。 What he cannot accomplish by dint of compliment and personal attendance； he will endeavour to effect by reinforcing these with billets…doux； songs； and verses； of which he always makes a provision for such purposes。 If he is detected in these efforts of treachery； and reproached with his ingratitude； he impudently declares that what he had done was no more than simple gallantry； considered in France as an indispensable duty on every man who pretended to good breeding。 Nay； he will even affirm that his endeavours to corrupt your wife； or deflower your daughter； were the most genuine proofs he could give of his particular regard for your family。
〃If there were five hundred dishes at table； a Frenchman will eat of all of them； and then complain he has no appetitethis I have several times remarked。 A friend of mine gained a considerable wager upon an experiment of this kind； the petit…maitre ate of fourteen different plates； besides the dessert； then disparaged the cook； declaring he was no better than a marmiton； or turnspit。〃
The gross unfairness； no less than the consummate cleverness； of this caricature compels us to remember that this was written in the most insular period of our manners； and during a brief lull in a century of almost incessant mutual hostility between the two nations。 Aristocrats like Walpole； Gibbon； and Chesterfield could regard France from a cosmopolitan point of view； as leading the comite of nations。 But to sturdy and true…born patriots； such as Hogarth and Smollett； reciprocal politeness appeared as grotesque as an exchange of amenities would be between a cormorant and an ape。 Consequently； it was no doubt with a sense o