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hardness in all well…water； which quality is deposited in running a long course； especially； if exposed to the influence of the sun and air。 The Romans； therefore； had good reason to soften and meliorate this element； by conveying it a good length of way in open aqueducts。 What was used in the baths of Cemenelion； they probably brought in leaden pipes； some of which have been dug up very lately by accident。 You must know； I made a second excursion to these antient ruins； and measured the arena of the amphitheatre with packthread。 It is an oval figure； the longest diameter extending to about one hundred and thirteen feet； and the shortest to eighty…eight； but I will not answer for the exactness of the measurement。 In the center of it； there was a square stone； with an iron ring； to which I suppose the wild beasts were tied； to prevent their springing upon the spectators。 Some of the seats remain； the two opposite entrances； consisting each of one large gate； and two lateral smaller doors； arched： there is also a considerable portion of the external wall； but no columns； or other ornaments of architecture。 Hard by； in the garden of the count de Gubernatis； I saw the remains of a bath； fronting the portal of the temple； which I have described in a former letter； and here were some shafts of marble pillars； particularly a capital of the Corinthian order beautifully cut； of white alabaster。 Here the count found a large quantity of fine marble； which he has converted to various uses； and some mutilated statues； bronze as well as marble。 The peasant shewed me some brass and silver medals； which he has picked up at different times in labouring the ground； together with several oblong beads of coloured glass； which were used as ear…rings by the Roman ladies； and a small seal of agate； very much defaced。 Two of the medals were of Maximian and Gallienus； the rest were so consumed； that I could not read the legend。 You know； that on public occasions； such as games； and certain sacrifices； handfuls of medals were thrown among the people； a practice； which accounts for the great number which have been already found in this district。 I saw some subterranean passages； which seemed to have been common sewers； and a great number of old walls still standing along the brink of a precipice； which overhangs the Paglion。 The peasants tell me； that they never dig above a yard in depth； without finding vaults or cavities。 All the vineyards and garden…grounds； for a considerable extent； are vaulted underneath； and all the ground that produces their grapes； fruit； and garden…stuff； is no more than the crumpled lime and rubbish of old Roman buildings； mixed with manure brought from Nice。 This antient town commanded a most noble prospect of the sea； but is altogether inaccessible by any kind of wheel carriage。 If you make shift to climb to it on horseback； you cannot descend to the plain again； without running the risk of breaking your neck。
About seven or eight miles on the other side of Nice； are the remains of another Roman monument which has greatly suffered from the barbarity of successive ages。 It was a trophy erected by the senate of Rome； in honour of Augustus Caesar； when he had totally subdued all the ferocious nations of these Maritime Alps； such as the Trumpilini Camuni； Vennontes； Isnarci； Breuni； etc。 It stands upon the top of a mountain which overlooks the town of Monaco； and now exhibits the appearance of an old ruined tower。 There is a description of what it was； in an Italian manuscript； by which it appears to have been a beautiful edifice of two stories； adorned with columns and trophies in alto…relievo； with a statue of Augustus Caesar on the top。 On one of the sides was an inscription； some words of which are still legible； upon the fragment of a marble found close to the old building： but the whole is preserved in Pliny； who gives it； in these words； lib。 iii。 cap。 20。
IMPERATORI CAESARI DIVI。 F。 AVG。 PONT。 MAX。 IMP。 XIV。 TRIBVNIC。 POTEST。 XVIII。 S。 P。 Q。 R。 QVODEIVSDVCTV； AVSPICIISQ。 GENIES ALPINAE OMNES； QVAE A MARI SVPERO AD INFERVM PERTINEBANT； SVB IMPERIVM PO。 RO。 SUNT REDAC。 GENTES ALPINAE DEVICTAE。 TRVMPILINI CAMVNI； VENNONETES； ISNARCI； BREVNI； NAVNES； FOCVNATES； VINDELICORVM GENTES QVATVOR； CONSVANETES； VIRVCINATES； LICATES； CATENATES； ABI… SONTES； RVGVSCI； SVANETES； CALVCONES； BRIXENTES； LEPONTII； VIBERI； NANTVATES； SEDVNI； VERAGRI； SALASSI； ACITAVONES MEDVLLI； VCINI； CATVRIGES； BRIGIANI； SOGIVNTII； NEMALONES； EDENETES； ESVBIANI； VEAMINI； GALLITAE； TRIVLLATI； ECTINI； VERGVNNI； EGVITVRI。 NEMENTVRI； ORATELLI； NERVSCI； VELAVNI； SVETRI。
This Trophy is erected by the Senate and People of Rome to the Emperor Caesar Augustus； son of the divine Julius； in the fourteenth year of his imperial Dignity； and in the eighteenth of his Tribunician Power； because under his command and auspices all the nations of the Alps from the Adriatic to the Tuscanian Sea； were reduced under the Dominion of Rome。 The Alpine nations subdued were the Trumpelini； etc。
Pliny； however； is mistaken in placing this inscription on a trophy near the Augusta praetoria； now called Aosta； in Piedmont： where； indeed； there is a triumphal arch； but no inscription。 This noble monument of antiquity was first of all destroyed by fire； and afterwards； in Gothic times； converted into a kind of fortification。 The marbles belonging to it were either employed in adorning the church of the adjoining village； which is still called Turbia； a corruption of Trophaea； ＇This was formerly a considerable town called Villa Martis； and pretends to the honour of having given birth to Aulus Helvius； who succeeded Commodus as emperor of Rome； by the name of Pertinax which he acquired from his obstinate refusal of that dignity； when it was forced upon him by the senate。 You know this man； though of very low birth； possessed many excellent qualities； and was basely murdered by the praetorian guards； at the instigation of Didius Tulianus。 For my part； I could never read without emotion； that celebrated eulogium of the senate who exclaimed after his death； Pertinace； imperante； securi viximus neminem timuimus； patre pio； patre senatus； patre omnium； honorum； We lived secure and were afraid of nothing under the Government of Pertinax； our affectionate Father； Father of the Senate； Father to all the children of Virtue。＇ or converted into tomb…stones； or carried off to be preserved in one or two churches of Nice。 At present； the work has the appearance of a ruinous watch…tower； with Gothic battlements； and as such stands undistinguished by those who travel by sea from hence to Genoa； and other ports of Italy。 I think I have now described all the antiquities in the neighbourhood of Nice； except some catacombs or caverns； dug in a rock at St。 Hospice； which Busching； in his geography； has described as a strong town and seaport； though in fact； there is not the least vestige either of town or village。 It is a point of land almost opposite to the tower of Turbia； with the mountains of which it forms a bay； where there is a great and curious fishery of the tunny fish； farmed of the king of Sa