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不能用that，也不能省略，如：The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist。我从中得到许多有用信息的那本书是一位著名科学家写的。Who is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago。你刚才和他说话的那个男孩是谁？I know the young couple from whose house the music is ing。但是当介词放在从句末尾时，作为介词宾语的关系代词可以用that 并且可以省略。如上头两句可改为：The book （that /which） I got a lot of information from was written by a famous scientist。Who is the boy （that/whom） you were talking with a moment ago？2．指物的关系代词which和that的用法：（１）作主语This is the instruction manual which/that tells you how to operate the puter。这是那本教你如何操作计算机的说明手册。（２）作宾语包括作介词宾馆。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略：The chair （which /that） you broke yesterday is now being repaired。你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。The film （which/that） I saw last night was about a soldier who fought in WWII。我昨天晚上看的那部电影是关于一个在二战中打过仗的士兵的。（本句有两个定语从句。）This is the bike for which I paid 100。这就是我花了100美元买的那辆自行车。The car（which/that）he went in was a black Cadillac。他坐在里面走了的那辆汽车是一辆黑色的卡迪拉克。The accounts of the pany； （which/that） I’ve been paying great attention to； are in balance。我一直非常注意的公司账目，是保持平衡的。3．whose 和of which 指代人或事物，作定语。of which 可用whose 代替；The car whose lights （of which the lights/the lights of which） were all broken was my father’s。那辆所有的灯都破了的汽车是我父亲的。例：His house of which the windows （the windows of which /whose windows） were all broken was a depressing sight。
他那所有窗户都坏了的房子真是目不忍睹。
That is the book whose cover （of which the cover/the cover of which ） was broken。
这就是那本封皮破了的书。4．关系代词的格应与它在从句中充当的成分一致。特别要注意插入语，如：Peter is the one who everybody believes will fail to bring off the contract。 Peter 是那个人人都认为不能完成合同的人。（everybody believes 是插入语）
At the election I voted for the man whom I believed to be the most suitable。
在选举的时候我投了我认为最合适的那个人的票。5．关系代词作从句的主语时，从句的动词必须和先行词的人称和数一致：例：These are the operating instructions that/which are written in English 。
这就是用英文写成的使用说明。
Are you staying at the white house which/that is newly pleted and which /that has 15 bedrooms； 3 kitchens and 4 toilets？
你是住在那幢刚刚竣工、有15个卧室、3个病房和4个卫生间的白色房子里吗？
So far as I know； there are many VIPs who are going to attend the reception。
就我所知有很多达官贵人将出席这个招待会。6．非限定性定语从句不用that，只用who（whose； whom）和which代表人和物；例：Her brothers； both of whom work in America； ring her up every week。
她的兄弟们？？两个人都在美国工作？？每个星期都给她打电话。
The buses； most of which were already full； were surrounded by an angry crowd，
那些公共汽车？？大多已经坐满了人？？被一群愤怒的人围着。
That tower block； which cost five million dollars to build； has been empty for five years。
那个塔楼空着已经5年了。建它花了500万美元。
Cricket； which I know very little about； is a very popular sport in England。
板球是英格兰非常流行的体育活动，我对它知之甚少。
The accounts of the pany ；which I’ve been paying great attention to； are in balance。
公司的账目是保持平衡的。我一直非常注意这些账目。7．关系副词（=介词＋关系代词）：
关系副词先行词在从句中的作用说明when（=at / on / in / during which）时间名词时间状语非正式文体中，有时用that代替关系副词where（=in / at which）地点名词地点状语
why=（for which）只有reason原因状语例：I shall never forget the day when （=on which） we first met。
我永远也不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
The rain came at a time when （=at which） it was not needed。
雨下得不是时候。
This is the puter where （=by/on which） he has stolen top…secret documents。
这就是他用来盗窃绝密文件的计算机。
Here is the place where （=at which） the murder took place。
这就是谋杀发生的地方。
He didn’t give any reason why （=for which） I had been fired。
他没给任何解雇我的理由
This is the house in which （=where） my parents used to live。
这就是我父母以前住过的房子。注意事项：（1）在非正式场合， that有时可用来代替关系副词或相当于关系副词的“介词＋which”，而且经常全部省略，如：In all the years that （=when/during which） I was at collage
在我读大学的那些年里
the reason that（=why/for which）he is not happy
他不高兴的理由
The direction（that）（=in which ）the heavenly bodies move can’t be changed。
天体运行的方向是不可改变的。
He is unpopular because people don’t like the offensive way （that）（=in which） he talks。
他不受欢迎的原因是他说话的方式让人讨厌。（2）是用关系代词还是用关系副词：关系词（包括关系代词和关系副词）是学习英语定语从句的关键。用关系代词还是用关系副词，一要看关系词在从句当中作什么成分；二要看关系词所代表的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因；三要看所引导的是限定性定语从句还是非限定性定语从句。所以同样的先行词会有不同的关系词，这是因为关系词在从句当中担当的作用不同而决定的。如：This is the room where/in which we’ll celebrate the New Year。
这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。（充当地点状语）
This is the room（that /which）we’ll celebrate the New Year in。
这是我们将要在里面庆贺新年的房间。（充当介词宾语，可省略。）
This is the room which /that will be used for the celebration of the New Year。
这是那个将要被用来庆贺新年的房间。（充当主语）
This is the room （which/that） we’ll use for the New Year dinner party。
这是我们将要用来举行新年晚宴的房间。（充当宾语，可省略。）
The reason （that /which） he had given was not sound enough。
他给的理由不够充分。（充当宾语，可省略）
The reason why/for which he had done that was not sound enough。
他做那件事的理由不够充分。（充当原因状语）This is the house where she lives。这是她住的房子。【比较：This is the house （that/which） she has bought。 这是她买的房子。This is the house that/which I’ve told you is extremely expensive。这就是我和你说过极其昂贵的那幢房子。】
I met him in the year when I was first in Xi’an。
我刚到西安的那年遇到了他。
That is the reason why he did not e that morning。
那就是那天上午他没来的原因。（3）定语从句中的时态。如果主句是一般将来时或过去将来时，从句的动作与主句的同时发生，那么该从句要用一般现在时表示一般将来时、用一般过去时表示过去将来时。例：Anyone who/that touches the wire will get an electric shock。
任何碰这根电线的人将受到电击。（不用will touch）
I would give her anything that she asked for。
她要什么我就给她什么。（不用would ask）
The first person who/that opens the door will get a shock。
第一个开门的人将被吓一跳。（不用will open）
There will be a special price for anybody who orders a suit in the next two weeks。
任何人在下两周内定做套装都将享受优惠价格。（不用will order）
但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时，如：Those who will go abroad for training next year will start learning English tomorrow。
那些明年出国受训的人员，将从明天开始学习外语。注：①先行词有最高级形容词修饰时，常用that，而不用which：例：Edison was one of the greatest inventors that ever lived。