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The distresses to which she was subjected were increased by the knowledge that her husband was squandering her vast fortune。 In what manner the money was spent she does not state。 〃If〃 she writes； 〃Monsieur Mazarine had only taken delight in overwhelming me with sadness and grief； and in exposing my health and my life to his most unreasonable caprice； and in making me pass the best of my days in an unparalleled slavery； since heaven had been pleased to make him my master； I should have endeavoured to allay and qualify my misfortunes by my sighs and tears。 But when I saw that by his incredible dilapidations and profuseness； my son； who might have been the richest gentleman in France； was in danger of being the poorest； there was no resisting the force of nature； and motherly love carried it over all other considerations of duty； or the moderation I proposed to myself。 I saw every day vast sums go away： moveables of inestimable prices； offices； and all the rich remains of my uncle's fortune； the fruits of his labours； and the rewards of his services。 I saw as much sold as came to three millions； before I took any public notice of it； and I had hardly anything left me of value but my jewels； when Monsieur Mazarine took occasion to seize upon them。〃
She therefore sought the king's interference； but as the duke had interest at court； she received but little satisfaction。 Then commenced disputes； which； after months of wrangling； ended by the duchess escaping in male attire out of France； in company with a gay young cavalier； Monsieur de Rohan。 After various wanderings through Italy and many adventures in Savoy； she determined on journeying to England。 That her visit was not without a political motive； we gather from St。 Evremond； who； referring to the ascendancy which the Duchess of Portsmouth had gained over his majesty； and the uses she made of her power for the interests of France； tells us； 〃The advocates for liberty； being excluded from posts and the management of affairs； contrived several ways to free their country from that infamous commerce； but finding them ineffectual； they at last concluded that there was no other course to take than to work the Duchess of Portsmouth out of the king's favour； by setting up against her a rival who should be in their interest。 The Duchess of Mazarine was thought very fit for their purpose； for she outshined the other； both in wit and beauty。〃
Charles de St。 Denis； Seigneur de St。 Evremond； was a soldier； philosopher； and courtier； who had distinguished himself by his bravery； learning； and politeness。 Having fallen under the displeasure of the French court； he had； in the year 1662； sought refuge in England； where he had been welcomed with the courtesy due to his rank； and the esteem which befitted his merits。 Settling in the capital； he mixed freely in the companionship of wits； gallants； and courtiers who constituted its society； and delighted with London as a residence； he determined on making England his country by adoption。 An old friend and fervent admirer of the Duchess of Mazarine； he had received the news of her visit with joy； and celebrated her arrival in verse。
The reputation of her loveliness and the history of her life having preceded her； the court became anxious to behold her； the king； mindful of the relationship he had once sought； with the duchess； grew impatient to welcome her。 After a few days' rest； necessary to remedy the fatigue of her journey； she appeared at Whitehall。 By reason of her beauty； now ripened rather than impaired by time； and those graces which attracted the more from the fascination they had formerly exercised； she at once gained the susceptible heart of the monarch。 St。 Evremond tells us her person 〃contained nothing that was not too lovely。〃 In the 〃Character of the Duchess of Mazarine；〃 which he drew soon after her arrival in London； he has presented a portrait of her worth examining not only for sake of the object it paints； but for the quaint workmanship it contains。 〃An ill…natured curiosity；〃 he writes； 〃makes me scrutinize every feature in her face； with a design either to meet there some shocking irregularity； or some disgusting disagreeableness。 But how unluckily do I succeed in my design。 Every feature about her has a particular beauty； that does not in the least yield to that of her eyes； which； by the consent of all the world； are the finest in the universe。 One thing there is that entirely confounds me： her teeth； her lips； her mouth； and all the graces that attend it； are lost amongst the great variety of beauties in her face and what is but indifferent in her； will not suffer us to consider what is most remarkable in others。 The malice of my curiosity does not stop here。 I proceed to spy out some defect in her shape； and I find I know not what graces of nature so happily and so liberally scattered in her person； that the genteelness of others only seems to be constraint and affectation。〃
The kingto whom the presence of a beautiful woman was as sunshine to the earthat once offered her his affections； the gallants tendered their homage； the ladies of the court volunteered the flattery embodied in imitation。 And by way of practically proving his admiration； his majesty graciously allotted her a pension of four thousand pounds a year； with apartments in St。 James's Palace。
The sovereignty which the Duchess of Portsmouth had held for five years over the monarch's heart was now in danger of downfall； and probably would have ended； but for Madame Mazarine's indiscretions。 It happened a few months after her arrival in London； the Prince of Monaco visited the capital。 Young in years； handsome in person； and extravagant in expenditure； he dazzled the fairest women at court； none of whom had so much power to please him in all as the Duchess of Mazarine。 Notwithstanding the king's generosity； she accepted the prince's admiration； and resolved to risk the influence she had gained； that she might freely love where she pleased。 Her entertainment of a passion； as sudden in development as fervid in intensity； enraged the king； but his fury served only to increase her infatuation； seeing which； his majesty suspended payment of her pension。
The gay Prince of Monaco in due time ending his visit to London； and leaving the Duchess of Mazarine behind him； she； through the interposition of her friends； obtained his majesty's pardon； was received into favour； and again allowed her pension。
She now ruled； not only mistress of the king's heart； but queen of a brilliant circle of wits and men of parts； whose delight it became to heed the epigrams and eccentricities which fell from her lips。 Her rooms at St。 James's； and her house in Chelsea； became the rendezvous of the most polite and brilliant society in England。 In the afternoons； seated amongst her monkeys； dogs； parrots； and pets； she discoursed on philosophy； love； religion； politics； and plays； whilst at night her saloons were thrown open to such as delighted in gambling。 Then the duchess； seated at the head of the table； her dark eyes flashing with excitement； her red lips parted in expectation； followed the fortunes of the night with anxiety： all compli