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e same time as Moll Davis had united her fortunes with the Duke of York's comedians。 Her time upon the stage was； however； but of brief duration； for my Lord Buckhurst； afterwards Earl of Dorset； a witty and licentious man； falling in love with her； induced her to become his mistress； quit the theatre； and forsake the society of her lover； Charles Hart； a famous actor and great…nephew of William Shakespeare。 And she complying with his desires in these matters； he made her an allowance of one hundred pounds a year； on which she returned her parts to the manager； and declared she would act no more。
Accordingly in the month of July； 1667； she was living at Epsom with my Lord Buckhurst and his witty friend Sir Charles Sedley； and a right merry house they kept for a time。 But alas； ere the summer had died there came a day when charming Nell and his fickle lordship were friends no more； and parting from him； she was obliged to revert to the playhouse again。
Now Nell Gwynn being not only a pretty woman； but moreover an excellent actress； her return was welcomed by the town。 Her achievements in light comedy were especially excellent； and declared entertaining to a rare degree。 Pepys； who witnessed her acting 〃a comical part；〃 in the 〃Maiden Queen；〃 a play by Dryden； says he could 〃never hope to see the like done again by man or woman。 So great performance of a comical part；〃 he continues； 〃was never； I believe； in the world before as Nell do this； both as a mad girle； then most and best of all when she comes in like a young gallant； and hath the motions and carriage of a spark the most that ever I saw any man have。 It makes me； I confess； admire her。〃 In the part of Valeria； in 〃Tyrannic Love；〃 she was also pronounced inimitable； especially in her delivery of the epilogue。 The vein of comedy with which she delivered the opening lines； addressed to those about to bear her dead body from the stage； was merry beyond belief。 〃Hold！〃 she cried out to one of them； as she suddenly started to life
〃Hold！ are you mad？ you damned confounded dog！ I am to rise and speak the epilogue。〃
Before the year 1667 ended； she had several times visited his majesty at Whitehall。 The king was now no less assured of her charms as a woman； than he had previously been convinced of her excellence as an actress。 In due time； her intimacy with the monarch resulted in the birth of two sons； the elder of which was created Duke of St。 Albans； from whom is descended the family now bearing that title： the second died young and unmarried。
Through influence of these women； my Lady Castlemaine's power over the king rapidly diminished； and at last ceased to exist； seeing which； as Burnet says； 〃She abandoned herself to great disorders； one of which by the artifice of the Duke of Buckingham was discovered by the king in person； the party concerned leaping out of the window。〃 The gallant to whom the worthy bishop refers was John Churchill； afterwards the great Duke of Marlborough； at this time a handsome stripling of eighteen summers。 In his office as page to the Duke of York； he frequently came under notice of her ladyship； who； pleased with the charms of his boyish face and graceful figure； intimated his love would not prove unacceptable to her。 Accordingly he promptly made love to the countess； who； in the first fervour of her affection； presented him with five thousand pounds。 With this sum he purchased a life annuity of five hundred pounds； which； as Lord Chesterfield writes； 〃became the foundation of his subsequent fortune。〃 Nor did her generosity end here： at a cost of six thousand crowns she obtained for him the post of groom of the bedchamber to the Duke of York； and was instrumental in subsequently forwarding his advancements in the army。
My Lady Castlemaine was by no means inclined to spend her days in misery because the royal favour was no longer vouchsafed her； and therefore； by way of satisfying her desires for revenge； conducted intrigues not only with John Churchill and Harry Jermyn； but likewise with one Jacob Hall； a noted acrobat。 This man was not only gifted with strength and agility； but likewise with grace and beauty： so that； as Granger tells us； 〃The ladies regarded him as a due composition of Hercules and Adonis。〃 His dancing on the tight rope at Bartholomew Fair was 〃a thing worth seeing and mightily followed；〃 whilst his deeds of daring at Southwark Fair were no less subjects of admiration and wonder。 The countess was so charmed by the performance of this athlete in public； that she became desirous of conversation with him in private； and he was accordingly introduced to her by Beck Marshall； the player。 The countess found his society so entertaining that she frequently visited him； a compliment he courteously returned。 Moreover； she allowed him a yearly salary； and openly showed her admiration for him by having their portraits painted in one picture： in which she is represented playing a fiddle； whilst he leans over her； touching the strings of a guitar。
Her amours in general； and her intimacy with the rope…dancer in particular； becoming common talk of the town； his majesty became incensed； and it grieved him the more that one who dwelt in his palace； and was yet under his protection； should divide her favours between a king and a mountebank。 Accordingly bitter feuds arose between her and the monarch； when words of hatred； scorn； and defiance were freely exchanged。 His majesty upbraiding her with a love for the rope…dancer； she replied with much spirit； 〃it very ill became him to throw out such reproaches against her： that he had never ceased quarrelling unjustly with her； ever since he had betrayed his own mean low inclinations： that to gratify such a depraved taste as his； he wanted the pitiful strolling actresses whom he had lately introduced into their society。〃 Then came fresh threats from the lips of the fury； followed by passionate storms of tears。
The king； who loved ease greatly； and valued peace exceedingly； became desirous of avoiding such harrowing scenes。 Accordingly； he resolved to enter into a treaty with his late mistress； by which he would consent to grant her such concessions as she desired； providing she promised to discontinue her intrigues with objectionable persons； and leave him to pursue his ways without reproach。 By mutual consent； his majesty and the countess selected the Chevalier de Grammont to conduct this delicate business； he being one in whose tact and judgment they had implicit confidence。 After various consultations and due consideration； it was agreed the countess should abandon her amours with Henry Jermyn and Jacob Hall； rail no more against Moll Davis or Nell Gwynn； or any other of his majesty's favourites； in consideration for which Charles would create her a duchess； and give her an additional pension in order to support her fresh honours with becoming dignity。
And as the king found her residence in Whitehall no longer necessary to his happiness； Berkshire House was purchased for her as a suitable dwelling This great mansion； situated at the south… west corner of St。 James's Street； facing St。 James's Palace； was surrounded by pleasant gardens dev