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Parvin describes a 〃turtle…man〃 as an ectromelian； almost entering the class of phocomelians or seal…like monsters； the former term signifies abortive or imperfect formation of the members。 The hands and feet were normally developed； but the arms； forearms； and legs are much shortened。
The 〃turtle…woman〃 of Demerara was so called because her mother when pregnant was frightened by a turtle； and also from the child's fancied resemblance to a turtle。 The femur was six inches long； the woman had a foot of six bones； four being toes； viz。； the first and second phalanges of the first and second toes。 She had an acetabulum； capsule； and ligamentum teres； but no tibia or fibula； she also had a defective right forearm。 She was never the victim of rachitis or like disease； but died of syphilis in the Colonial Hospital。 In her twenty…second year she was delivered of a full…grown child free of deformity。
There was a woman living in Bavaria； under the observation of Buhl； who had congenital absence of both femurs and both fibulas。 Almost all the muscles of the thigh existed； and the main attachment to the pelvis was by a large capsular articulation。 Charpentier gives the portrait of a woman in whom there was a uniform diminution in the size of the limbs。 Debout portrays a young man with almost complete absence of the thigh and leg； from whose right hip there depended a foot。 Accrell describes a peasant of twenty…six； born without a hip； thigh； or leg on the right side。 The external genital organs were in their usual place； but there was only one testicle in the scrotum。 The man was virile。 The rectum instead of opening outward and underneath was deflected to the right。
Supernumerary Limbs。Haller reports several cases of supernumerary extremities。 Plancus speaks of an infant with a complete third leg； and Dumeril cites a similar instance。 Geoffroy…Saint…Hilaire presented to the Academie des Sciences in 1830 a child with four legs and feet who was in good health。 Amman saw a girl with a large thigh attached to her nates。 Below the thigh was a single leg made by the fusion of two legs。 No patella was found and the knee was anchylosed。 One of the feet of the supernumerary limb had six toes； while the other； which was merely an outgrowth； had two toes on it。
According to Jules Guerin； the child named Gustav Evrard was born with a thigh ending in two legs and two imperfect feet depending from the left nates。
Tucker describes a baby born in the Sloane Maternity in New York； October 1； 1894； who had a third leg hanging from a bony and fleshy union attached to the dorsal spine。 The supernumerary leg was well formed and had a left foot attached to it。 Larkin and Jones mention the removal of a meningocele and a supernumerary limb from an infant of four months。 This limb contained three fingers only； one of which did not have a bony skeleton。
Pare says that on the day the Venetians and the Genevois made peace a monster was born in Italy which had four legs of equal proportions； and besides had two supernumerary arms from the elbows of the normal limbs。 This creature lived and was baptized。
Anomalies of the Feet。Hatte has seen a woman who bore a child that had three feet。 Bull gives a description of a female infant with the left foot double or cloven。 There was only one heel； but the anterior portion consisted of an anterior and a posterior part。 The anterior foot presented a great toe and four smaller ones； but deformed like an example of talipes equinovarus。 Continuous with the outer edge of the anterior part and curving beneath it was a posterior part； looking not unlike a second foot； containing six well…formed toes situated directly beneath the other five。 The eleven toes were all perfect and none of them were webbed。
There is a class of monsters called 〃Sirens〃 on account of their resemblance to the fabulous creatures of mythology of that name。 Under the influence of compression exercised in the uterus during the early period of gestation fusion of the inferior extremities is effected。 The accompanying illustration shows the appearance of these monsters； which are thought to resemble the enchantresses celebrated by Homer。
Anomalies of the Hand。Blumenbach speaks of an officer who； having lost his right hand； was subsequently presented by his wife with infants of both sexes showing the same deformity。 Murray cites the instance of a woman of thirty…eight； well developed； healthy； and the mother of normal children； who had a double hand。 The left arm was abnormal； the flexion of the elbow imperfect； and the forearm terminated in a double hand with only rudimentary thumbs。 In working as a charwoman she leaned on the back of the flexed carpus。 The double hand could grasp firmly； though the maximum power was not so great as that of the right hand。 Sensation was equally acute in all three of the hands。 The middle and ring fingers of the supernumerary hand were webbed as far as the proximal joints； and the movements of this hand were stiff and imperfect。 No single finger of the two hands could be extended while the other seven were flexed。 Giraldes saw an infant in 1864 with somewhat the same deformity； but in which the disposition of the muscles and tendons permitted the ordinary movements。
Absence of Digits。Maygrier describes a woman of twenty…four who instead of having a hand on each arm had only one finger； and each foot had but two toes。 She was delivered of two female children in 1827 and one in 1829； each having exactly the same deformities。 Her mother was perfectly formed； but the father had but one toe on his foot and one finger on his left hand。
Kohler gives photographs of quite a remarkable case of suppression and deformity of the digits of both the fingers and toes。
Figure 123 shows a man who was recently exhibited in Philadelphia。 He had but two fingers on each hand and two toes on each foot； and resembles Kohler's case in the anomalous digital conformation。
Figure 124 represents an exhibitionist with congenital suppression of four digits on each hand。
Tubby has seen a boy of three in whom the first； second； and third toes of each foot were suppressed； the great toe and the little toe being so overgrown that they could be opposed。 In this family for four generations 15 individuals out of 22 presented this defect of the lower extremity。 The patient's brothers and a sister had exactly the same deformity； which has been called 〃lobster…claw foot。〃
Falla of Jedburgh speaks of an infant who was born without forearms or hands； at the elbow there was a single finger attached by a thin string of tissue。 This was the sixth child； and it presented no other deformity。 Falla also says that instances of intrauterine digital amputation are occasionally seen。
According to Annandale； supernumerary digits may be classified as follows：
（1） A deficient organ； loosely attached by a narrow pedicle to the hand or foot （or to another digit）。
（2） A more or less developed organ； free at its extremity； and articulating with the head or sides of a metacarpal； metatarsal； or phalangeal bone。
（3） A fully developed separate digit。
（4） A digit intimately united along its whole length with another digit； and having e