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lowing appearance： The navel hung below her knees； and the skin near the umbilicus resembled that of an elephant。 The abdomen in its largest circumference measured 68 inches； and 27 inches from the ensiform cartilage to the umbilicus。 The umbilicus was five inches in diameter and three inches in length。 Eight gallons and seven pints of fluid were removed by tapping； much remaining。 The whole tumor weighed 135 pounds。 Death from exhaustion followed on the sixth day after the tapping。
Ovarian cysts； of which by far the greater number are of the glandular variety； form extremely large tumors； ovarian dropsies of enormous dimensions are recorded repeatedly throughout medical literature。 Among the older writers Ford mentions an instance of ovarian dropsy from which； by repeated operations； 2786 pints of water were drawn。 Martineau describes a remarkable case of twenty…five years' duration； in which 80 paracenteses were performed and 6630 pints of fluid were withdrawn。 In one year alone 495 pints were withdrawn。 Tozzetti mentions an ovarian tumor weighing 150 pounds。 Morand speaks of an ovarian cyst from which； in ten months； 427 pounds of fluid were withdrawn。 There are old records of tubal cysts weighing over 100 pounds。 Normand speaks of an ovary degenerating into a scirrhous mass weighing 55 pounds。 Among recent operations Briddon describes the removal of an ovarian cyst which weighed 152 pounds； death resulting。 Helmuth mentions an ovarian cyst from which； in 12 tappings； 559 pounds of fluid were withdrawn。 Delivery was effected by instrumental aid。 The tumor of 70 pounds was removed and death followed。 McGillicuddy mentions a case of ovarian cyst containing 132 pounds of fluid。 The patient was a woman of twenty…eight whose abdomen at the umbilicus measured 69 inches in circumference and 47 inches from the sternum to the pubes。 Before the operation the great tumor hung down as far as the knees； the abdominal wall chafing the thighs。 Figure 263 shows the appearance of a large ovarian cyst weighing 149 pounds。 The emaciation of the subject is particularly noticeable。 Reifsnyder describes a native Chinese woman affected with an ovarian tumor seen at the Margaret Williamson Hospital at Shanghai。 She was four feet eight inches in height； and twenty…five years of age。 The tumor had been growing for six years until the circumference at the umbilicus measured five feet 7 3/4 inches； 88 quarts of fluid were drawn off and the woman recovered。 In the College of Physicians； Philadelphia； there are photographs of this case； with an inscription saying that the patient was a young Chinese woman who measured but four feet eight inches in height； while her girth was increased by an ovarian cyst to five feet 9 1/8 inches。 The tumor was removed and weighed 182 1/2 pounds； it contained 22 gallons of fluid。 Figure 265 shows the appearance of the woman two months after the operation； when the girth was reduced to normal。 Stone performed ovariotomy on a girl of fifteen； removing a tumor weighing 81 1/2 pounds。 Ranney speaks of the successful removal of a unilocular tumor weighing 95 pounds； and Wall tells of a death after removal of an ovarian tumor of the same weight。 Rodenstein portrays the appearance of a patient of forty…five after death from an enormous glandular ovarian cystoma。 The tumor was three feet high； covered the breasts； extended to the knees； and weighed 146 pounds。 Kelly speaks of a cyst weighing 116 pounds； Keith one of 89 1/2 pounds； Gregory； 80 pounds； Boerstler； 65 pounds； Bixby； 70 pounds； and Alston a tumor of 70 pounds removed in the second operation of ovariotomy。
Dayot reports the removal of an enormous ovarian cyst from a girl of seventeen。 The tumor had been present three years； but the patient and her family refused an operation until the size of the tumor alarmed them。 Its largest circumference was five feet 11 inches。 The distance from the xiphoid to the symphysis pubis was three feet。 The tumor was covered with veins the size of the little finger。 The apex of the heart was pushed to the 3d interspace and the umbilicus had disappeared。 There were 65 quarts of a thick； brown fluid in。 the tumor。 The patient recovered in twenty…five days。
Cullingworth of St。 Thomas Hospital； London； successfully removed from a girl of sixteen an ovarian cyst weighing over 80 pounds。 The patient was admitted to the hospital April 30； 1895。 She gave a history of a single menstruation； which took place in March or April； 1893； and said that in the latter month she noticed that she was growing large。 She was tapped at Christmas； 1893； when a large quantity of fluid was removed； and again in February； 1894； and a third time in May； 1894； but without useful results。 For the previous six months she had been almost entirely bedridden because of the great size of the tumor。 There were no symptoms referring to the bladder and rectum。 At the time she entered the hospital she was much emaciated； the eyes were sunken； and her cheeks had a livid hue。 The chest was thin and the lower ribs were everted； dulness began at the lower border of the 3d cartilage； and the apex…beat was best felt in the third space。 Liver…dulness began at the 4th rib cartilage in the nipple line。 The abdomen was enormously distended； and covered by large veins running from below upward to the thorax。 About 3 1/2 inches above the umbilicus there was a sulcus with its convexity downward。 There was dulness over the whole abdomen； except at the sides parallel with the lumbar spines； and a resonant band over the stomach。 The greatest girth was 54 1/2 inches。 By vaginal examination the cervix was found to be pulled up and obliterated； the anterior vaginal wall was bulged downward by the tumor。 On May 3d abdominal section was performed。 An incision eight inches long was made in the mid…line of the abdomen。 A cystic tumor； formed of small cysts in its upper part and of somewhat larger ones in the lower part； was revealed。 It was adherent to the abdominal wall； liver； spleen； and omentum。 The adhesions were separated and the cyst tapped with a large trocar； and then the septa between the cysts were broken down with the fingers。 The pedicle was rather small and was tied in the usual way； and the tumor was removed。 Its seat of origin was the left ovary。 The right ovary and the uterus were healthy； but poorly developed。 The tumor weighed between 80 and 90 pounds；the patient having weighed 170 pounds on the night before the operation and 79 1/2 pounds a week after the operation。 Alarming symptoms of collapse were present during the night after the operation； but the patient responded to stimulation by hypodermic injections of 1/20 grain of strychnin and of brandy； and after the first twenty…four hours the recovery was uninterrupted。 Cullingworth thinks that the most interesting points in the case are： the age of the patient； the enormous size of the tumor； and the advice given by the surgeon who first attended the patient （insisting that no operation should be performed）。 This case shows anew the uselessness of tapping ovarian cysts。
In the records of enormous dropsies much material of interest is to be found； and a few of the most interesting cases on record will be cited。 In the ol