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the toilet； such as hair…pins； to be introduced into the bladder； and there form calculi。 Whiteside describes a case in which a foreign body introduced into the bladder was mistaken for pregnancy； and giving rise to corresponding symptoms。 The patient was a young girl of seventeen who had several times missed her menstruation； and who was considered pregnant。 The abdomen was more developed than usual in a young woman。 The breasts were voluminous； and the nipples surrounded by a somber areola。 At certain periods after the cessation of menstruation； she had incontinence of urine； and had also repeatedly vomited。 The urine was of high specific gravity； albuminous； alkaline； and exhaled a disagreeable odor。 In spite of the signs of pregnancy already noted； palpitation and percussion did not show any augmentation in the size of the uterus； but the introduction of a catheter into the bladder showed the existence of a large calculus。 Under chloroform the calculus and its nucleus were disengaged； and proved to be the handle of a tooth…brush； the exact size of which is represented in the accompanying illustration。 The handle was covered with calcareous deposits； and was tightly fixed in the bladder。 At first the young woman would give no explanation for its presence； but afterward explained that she had several times used this instrument for relief in retention of urine； and one day it had fallen into the bladder。 A short time after the operation menstruation returned for the first time in seven months； and was afterward normal。 Bigelow reports the case of a woman who habitually introduced hair…pins and common pins into her bladder。 She acquired this mania after an attempt at dilatation of the urethra in the relief of an obstinate case of strangury。 Rode reports the case of a woman who had introduced a hog's penis into her urethra。 It was removed by an incision into this canal； but the patient died in five days of septicemia。 There is a curious case quoted of a young domestic of fourteen who was first seen suffering with pain in the sides of the genital organs； retention of urine； and violent tenesmus。 She was examined by a midwife who found nothing； but on the following day the patient felt it necessary to go to bed。 Her general symptoms persisted； and meanwhile the bladder became much distended。 The patient had made allusion to the loss of a hair…pin； a circumstance which corresponded with the beginning of her trouble。 Examination showed the orifice of the urethra to be swollen and painful to the touch； and from its canal a hair…pin 6。5 cm。 long was extracted。 The patient was unable to urinate； and it was necessary to resort to catheterization。 By evening the general symptoms had disappeared； and the next day the patient urinated as usual。
There are peculiar cases of hair in the bladder； in which all history as to the method of entrance is denied； and which leave as the only explanation the possibility that the bladder was in communication with some dermoid cyst。 Hamelin mentions a case of this nature。 It is said that all his life Sir William Elliot was annoyed by passing hairs in urination。 They would lodge in the urethra and cause constant irritation。 At his death a stone was taken from the bladder； covered with scurf and hair。 Hall relates the case of a woman of sixty； from whose bladder； by dilatation of the urethra； was removed a bundle of hairs two inches long； which； Hall says； without a doubt had grown from the vesical walls。
Retention of Foreign Bodies in the Pelvis。It is a peculiar fact that foreign bodies which once gain entrance to the pelvis may be tolerated in this location for many years。 Baxter describes a man who suffered an injury from a piece of white board which entered his pelvis； and remained in position for sixteen and a half years； at this time a piece of wood 7 1/2 inches long was discharged at stool； and the patient recovered。 Jones speaks of a case in which splinters of wood were retained in the neighborhood of the rectum and vagina for sixteen years； and spontaneously discharged。 Barwell mentions a case in which a gum elastic catheter that had been passed into the vagina for the purpose of producing abortion became impacted in the pelvis for twenty months； and was then removed。
Rupture of the Male Urethra。The male urethra is occasionally ruptured in violent coitus。 Frank and the Philosophical Transactions are among the older authorities mentioning this accident。 In Frank's case there was hemorrhage from the penis to the extent of five pounds。 Colles mentions a man of thirty…eight； prone to obesity； and who had been married two months； who said that in sexual congress he had hurt himself by pushing his penis against the pubic bone； and added that he had a pain that felt as though something had broken in his organ。 The integuments of the penis became livid and swollen and were extremely painful。 His urine had to be drawn by a catheter； and by the fifth day his condition was so bad that an incision was made into the tumor； and pus； blood； urine； and air issued。 The patient suffered intense rigors； his abdomen became tympanitic； and he died。 Postmortem examination revealed the presence of a ruptured urethra。
Watson relates an instance of coitus performed en postillon by a man while drunk； with rupture of the urethra and fracture of the corpus spongiosum only。 Loughlin mentions a rupture of the corpus spongiosum during coitus。 Frank cites a curious case of hemorrhage from a fall while the penis was erect。 It is not unusual to find ruptured urethrae following traumatism； and various explanations are given for it in the standard works on surgery。
Fracture of the Penis。A peculiar accident to the penis is fracture； which sometimes occurs in coitus。 This accident consists in the laceration of the corpora cavernosa； followed by extensive extravasation of blood into the erectile tissue。 It has also occurred from injury inflicted accidentally or maliciously； but always happening when the organ was erect。 An annoying sequel following this accident is the tendency to curvature in erection； which is sometimes so marked as to interfere with coitus； and even render the patient permanently impotent。
There is an account of a laborer of twenty…seven who； in attempting to micturate with his penis erect； pressed it downward with considerable force and fractured the corpora cavernosa。 Veazie relates a case of fracture of the corpora cavernosa occurring in coitus。 During the act the female suddenly withdrew； and the male； following； violently struck the pubes； with the resultant injury。 Recovery ensued。 M'Clellan speaks of removing the cavernous septum from a man of fifty…two； in whom this part had become infiltrated with lime…salts and resembled a long； narrow bone。 When the penis was erect it was bent in the form of a semicircular bow。
The Transactions of the South Carolina Medical Association contain an account of a negro of sixty who had urethral stricture from gonorrhea and who had been treated for fifteen years by caustics。 The penis was seven inches in circumference around the glans； and but little less near the scrotum。 The glans was riddled with holes； and numerous fistulae existed on the inferior surfac