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ots； worms； leeches； centipedes； and even lizards。 Zacutus Lusitanus tells of a person who died in two days from the effects of a leech which was inadvertently introduced into the nasal fossa； and there is a somewhat similar case of a military pharmacist； a member of the French army in Spain； who drank some water from a pitcher and exhibited； about a half hour afterward； a persistent hemorrhage from the nose。 Emaciation progressively continued； although his appetite was normal。 Three doctors； called in consultation； prescribed bleeding； which； however； proved of no avail。 Three weeks afterward he carried in his nostril a tampon of lint； wet with an astringent solution； and； on the next day； on blowing his nose； there fell from the right nostril a body which he recognized as a leech。 Healey gives the history of four cases in which medicinal leeches were removed from the mouth and posterior nares of persons who had； for some days previously； been drinking turbid water。 Sinclair mentions the removal of a leech from the posterior nares。
In some regions； more particularly tropical ones； there are certain flies that crawl into the nostrils of the inhabitants and deposit eggs； in the cavities。 The larvae develop and multiply with great rapidity； and sometimes gain admission into the frontal sinus； causing intense cephalalgia； and even death。
Dempster reports an instance of the lodgment of numerous live maggots within the cavity of the nose； causing sloughing of the palate and other complications。 Nicholson mentions a case of ulceration and abscess of the nostrils and face from which maggots were discharged。 Jarvis gives the history of a strange and repeated hemorrhage from the nose and adjacent parts that was found to be due to maggots from the ova of a fly； which had been deposited in the nose while the patient was asleep。 Tomlinson gives a case in which maggots traversed the Eustachian tube； some being picked out of the nostrils； while others were coughed up。 Packard records the accidental entrance of a centipede into the nostril。 There is an account of a native who was admitted to the Madras General Hospital； saying that a small lizard had crawled up his nose。 The urine of these animals is very irritating； blistering any surface it touches。 Despite vigorous treatment the patient died in consequence of the entrance of this little creature。
There have been instances among the older writers in which a pea has remained in the nose for such a length of time as to present evidences of sprouting。 The Ephemerides renders an instance of this kind； and Breschet cites the history of a young boy； who； in 1718； introduced a pea into his nostril； in three days it had swollen to such an extent as to fill the whole passage。 It could not be extracted by an instrument； so tobacco snuff was used； which excited sneezing； and the pea was ejected。
Vidal and the Ephemerides report several instances of tolerance of foreign bodies in the nasal cavities for from twenty to twenty…five years。 Wiesman； in 1893； reported a rhinolith； which was composed of a cherry…stone enveloped in chalk； that had been removed after a sojourn of sixty years； with intense ozena as a consequence of its lodgment。 Waring mentions the case of a housemaid who carried a rhinolith； with a cherry…stone for a nucleus； which had been introduced twenty…seven years before； and which for twenty…five years had caused no symptoms。 Grove describes a necrosed inferior turbinated bone； to which was attached a coffee…grain which had been retained in the nostril for twenty years。； Hickman gives an instance of a steel ring which for thirteen and a half years had been impacted in the nasopharyngeal fossa of a child。 It was detected by the rhinoscope and was removed。 Parker speaks of a gunbreech bolt which was removed from the nose after five years' lodgment。 Major mentions the removal of a foreign body from the nose seven years after its introduction。
Howard removed a large thimble from the posterior nares； although it had remained in its position for some time undetected。 Eve reports a case in which a thimble was impacted in the right posterior nares。 Gazdar speaks； of a case of persistent neuralgia of one…half of the face； caused by a foreign body in the nose。 The obstruction was removed after seven years' lodgment and the neuralgia disappeared。 Molinier has an observation on the extraction of a fragment of a knife…blade which had rested four years in the nasal fossae； where the blade had broken off during a quarrel。
A peculiar habit； sometimes seen in nervous individuals； is that of 〃swallowing the tongue。〃 Cohen claims that in some cases of supposed laryngeal spasm the tongue is swallowed； occluding the larynx； and sometimes with fatal consequences。 There are possibly a half score of cases recorded； but this anomaly is very rare； and Major is possibly the only one who has to a certainty demonstrated the fact by a laryngoscopic examination。 By the laryngoscope he was enabled to observe a paroxysm in a woman； in which the tongue retracted and impinged on the epiglottis； but quickly recovered its position。 Pettit mentions suffocation from 〃tongue swallowing；〃 both with and without section of the frenum。 Schobinger cites a similar instance； due to loosening of the frenum。
Analogous to the foregoing phenomenon is the habit of 〃tongue sucking。〃 Morris mentions a young lady of fifteen who spontaneously dislocated her jaw； owing indirectly to this habit。 Morris says that from infancy the patient was addicted to this habit； which was so audible as to be heard in all parts of the room。 The continued action of the pterygoid muscles had so preternaturally loosened the ligaments and muscular structures supporting the joint as to render them unable to resist the violent action of 〃tongue sucking〃 even during sleep。
Injuries to the Tongue。Hobbs describes a man of twenty…three who； while working； had a habit of protruding his tongue。 One day he was hit under the chin by the chain of a crane on a pier； his upper teeth inflicting a wound two inches deep； three inches from the tip； and dividing the entire structure of the tongue except the arteries。 The edges of the wound were brought into apposition by sutures； and after the removal of the latter perfect union and complete restoration of the sensation of taste ensued。 Franck mentions regeneration of a severed tongue； and Van Wy has seen union of almost entirely severed parts of the tongue。 De Fuisseaux reports reunion of the tongue by suture after almost complete transverse division。
There is an account of a German soldier who； May 2； 1813； was wounded at the battle of Gross…Gorschen by a musket ball which penetrated the left cheek； carrying away the last four molars of the upper jaw and passing through the tongue； making exit on the left side； and forcing out several teeth of the left lower jaw。 To his surprise； thirty years afterward； one of the teeth was removed from an abscess of the tongue。 Baker speaks of a boy of thirteen who was shot at three yards distance。 The bullet knocked out two teeth and passed through the tongue； although it produced no wound of the pharynx； and was passed from the anus on the sixth day。 Stevenson mentions