按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
e of the mare who was covered first by a stallion and a quarter of an hour later by an ass； and gave birth at one parturition to a horse and a mule。 Parsons speaks of a case at Charleston； S。C。； in 1714； of a white woman who gave birth to twins； one a mulatto and the other white。 She confessed that after her husband left her a negro servant came to her and forced her to comply with his wishes by threatening her life。 Smellie mentions the case of a black woman who had twins； one child black and the other almost white。 She confessed having had intercourse with a white overseer immediately after her husband left her bed。 Dewees reports a similar case。 Newlin of Nashville speaks of a negress who bore twins； one distinctly black with the typical African features； while the other was a pretty mulatto exhibiting the distinct characters of the Caucasian race。 Both the parents were perfect types of the black African negro。 The mother； on being questioned； frankly acknowledged that shortly after being with her husband she had lain a night with a white man。 In this case each child had its own distinct cord and placenta。
Archer gives facts illustrating and observations showing： 〃that a white woman； by intercourse with a white man and negro； may conceive twins； one of which shall be white and the other a mulatto； and that； vice versa； a black woman； by intercourse with a negro and a white man； may conceive twins； one of which shall be a negro and the other a mulatto。〃 Wight narrates that he was called to see a woman； the wife of an East Indian laborer on the Isle of Trinidad； who had been delivered of a fetus 6 inches long； about four months old； and having a cord of about 18 inches in length。 He removed the placenta； and in about half an hour the woman was delivered of a full…term white female child。 The first child was dark； like the mother and father； and the mother denied any possibility of its being a white man's child； but this was only natural on her part； as East Indian husbands are so intensely jealous that they would even kill an unfaithful wife。 Both the mother and the mysterious white baby are doing well。 Bouillon speaks of a negress in Guadeloupe who bore twins； one a negro and the other a mulatto。 She had sexual congress with both a negro and a white man。
Delmas； a surgeon of Rouen； tells of a woman of thirty…six who was delivered in the hospital of his city on February 26； 1806； of two children； one black and the other a mulatto。 She had been pregnant eight months； and had had intercourse with a negro twice about her fourth month of pregnancy； though living with the white man who first impregnated her。 Two placentae were expelled some time after the twins； and showed a membranous junction。 The children died shortly after birth。
Pregnancy often takes place in a unicorn or bicorn uterus； leading to similar anomalous conditions。 Galle； Hoffman； Massen； and Sanger give interesting accounts of this occurrence； and Ross relates an instance of triple pregnancy in a double uterus。 Cleveland describes a discharge of an anomalous deciduous membrane during pregnancy which was probably from the unimpregnated half of a double uterus。
CHAPTER II。
PRENATAL ANOMALIES。
Extrauterine Pregnancy。In the consideration of prenatal anomalies； the first to be discussed will be those of extrauterine pregnancy。 This abnormalism has been known almost as long as there has been any real knowledge of obstetrics。 In the writings of Albucasis； during the eleventh century； extrauterine pregnancy is discussed； and later the works of N。 Polinus and Cordseus； about the sixteenth century； speak of it； in the case of Cordseus the fetus was converted into a lithopedion and carried in the abdomen twenty…eight years。 Horstius in the sixteenth century relates the history of a woman who conceived for the third time in March； 1547； and in 1563 the remains of the fetus were still in the abdomen。
Israel Spach； in an extensive gynecologic work published in 1557； figures a lithopedion drawn in situ in the case of a woman with her belly laid open。 He dedicated to this calcified fetus； which he regarded as a reversion； the following curious epigram； in allusion to the classical myth that after the flood the world was repopulated by the two survivors； Deucalion and Pyrrha； who walked over the earth and cast stones behind them； which； on striking the ground； became people。 Roughly translated from the Latin； this epigram read as follows： 〃Deucalion cast stones behind him and thus fashioned our tender race from the hard marble。 How comes it that nowadays； by a reversal of things； the tender body of a little babe has limbs nearer akin to stone？〃 Many of the older writers mention this form of fetation as a curiosity； but offer no explanation as to its cause。 Mauriceau and de Graaf discuss in full extrauterine pregnancy； and Salmuth； Hannseus； and Bartholinus describe it。 From the beginning of the eighteenth century this subject always demanded the attention and interest of medical observers。 In more modern times； Campbell and Geoffroy…Saint…Hilaire； who named it 〃Grossesse Pathologique；〃 have carefully defined and classified the forms； and to…day every text…book on obstetrics gives a scientific discussion and classification of the different forms of extrauterine pregnancy。
The site of the conception is generally the wall of the uterus； the Fallopian tube； or the ovary； although there are instances of pregnancy in the vagina； as for example when there is scirrhus of the uterus； and again； cases supposed to be only extrauterine have been instances simply of double uterus； with single or concurrent pregnancy。 Ross speaks of a woman of thirty…three who had been married fourteen years； had borne six children； and who on July 16； 1870； miscarried with twins of about five months' development。 After a week she declared that she was still pregnant with another child； but as the physician had placed his hand in the uterine cavity after the abortion； he knew the fetus must be elsewhere or that no pregnancy existed。 We can readily see how this condition might lead to a diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy； but as the patient insisted on a thorough examination； the doctor found by the stethoscope the presence of a beating fetal heart； and by vaginal examination a double uterus。 On introducing a sound into the new aperture he discovered that it opened into another cavity； but as the woman was pregnant in this； he proceeded no further。 On October 31st she was delivered of a female child of full growth。 She had menstruated from this bipartite uterus three times during the period between the miscarriage of the twins and the birth of the child。 Both the mother and child did well。
In most cases there is rupture of the fetal sac into the abdominal cavity or the uterus； and the fetus is ejected into this location； from thence to be removed or carried therein many years； but there are instances in which the conception has been found in situ； as depicted in Figure 2。 A sturdy woman of thirty was executed on January 16； 1735； for the murder of her child。 It was ascertained that she had passed her catamenia about the first of the month； and thereafter had sexual intercourse with o