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t pathetic in a bird that loves the forest as he does； he picks up whatever lies about the house or barn in the shape of food…crumbs from the kitchen door； a morsel from the dog's plate； a little seed in the barn…yard； happily rewarded if he can find a spider lurking in some sheltered place to give a flavor to the unrelished grain。 Now he becomes almost tame； but we feel it is only because he must be。
The spot that decided preference leads him to； either winter or summer； is beside a bubbling spring。 In the moss that grows near it the nest is placed in early summer； nearly always roofed over and entered from the side； in true wren…fashion； and as the young fledglings emerge from the creamy…white eggs； almost the first lesson they receive from their devoted little parents is in the fine art of bathing。 Even in winter weather； when the wren has to stand on a rim of ice； he will duck and splash his diminutive body。 It is recorded of a certain little individual that he was wont to dive through the icy water on a December day。 Evidently the wrens； as a family； are not far removed in the evolutionary scale from true water…birds。
LONG…BILLED MARSH WREN （Cistothorus palustris） Wren family
＇Called also： MARSH WREN； AOU 1998＇
Length 4。5 to 5。2 inches。 Actually a little smaller than the English sparrow。 Apparently half the size。 Male and Female Brown above； with white line over the eye； and the back irregularly and faintly streaked with white。 Wings and tail barred with darker cinnamon…brown。 Underneath white。 Sides dusky。 Tail long and often carried erect。 Bill extra long and slender。 Range United States and southern British America。 Migrations May。 September。 Summer resident。
Sometimes when you are gathering cat…tails in the river marshes an alert； nervous little brown bird rises startled from the rushes and tries to elude you as with short； jerky flight it goes deeper and deeper into the marsh； where even the rubber boot may not follow。 It closely resembles two other birds found in such a place； the swamp sparrow and the short…billed marsh wren； but you may know by its long； slender bill that it is not the latter； and by the absence of a bright bay crown that it is not the shyest of the sparrows。
These marsh wrens appear to be especially partial to running water； their homes are not very far from brooks and rivers； preferably those that are affected in their rise and flow by the tides。 They build in colonies； and might be called inveterate singers； for no single bird is often permitted to finish his bubbling song without half the colony joining in a chorus。
Still another characteristic of this particularly interesting bird is its unique architectural effects produced with coarse grasses woven into globular form and suspended in the reeds。 Sometimes adapting its nest to the building material at hand； it weaves it of grasses and twigs； and suspends it from the limb of a bush or tree overhanging the water； where it swings like an oriole's。 The entrance to the nest is invariably on the side。
More devoted homebodies than these little wrens are not among the feathered tribe。 Once let the hand of man desecrate their nest； even before the tiny speckled eggs are deposited in it； and off go the birds to a more inaccessible place； where they can enjoy their home unmolested。 Thus three or four nests may be made in a summer。
SHORT…BILLED MARSH WREN （Cistothorus stellaris） Wren family
＇Called also： SEDGE WREN； AOU 1998＇
Length 4 to 5 inches。 Actually about one…third smaller than the English sparrow； but apparently only half its size。 Male and Female Brown above； faintly streaked with white； black； and buff。 Wings and tail barred with same。 Underneath white； with buff and rusty tinges on throat and breast。 Short bill。 Range North America； from Manitoba southward in winter to Gulf of Mexico。 Most common in north temperate latitudes。 Migrations Early May。 Late September。
Where red…winged blackbirds like to congregate in oozy pastures or near boggy woods； the little short…billed wren may more often be heard than seen； for he is more shy； if possible； than his long…billed cousin； and will dive down into the sedges at your approach； very much as a duck disappears under water。 But if you see him at all； it is usually while swaying to and fro as he clings to some tall stalk of grass； keeping his balance by the nervous； jerky tail motions characteristic of all the wrens； and singing with all his might。 Oftentimes his tail reaches backward almost to his head in a most exaggerated wren…fashion。
Samuels explains the peculiar habit both the long…billed and the short…billed marsh wrens have of building several nests in one season； by the theory that they are made to protect the sitting female； for it is noticed that the male bird always lures a visitor to an empty nest； and if this does not satisfy his curiosity； to another one； to prove conclusively that he has no family in prospect。
Wild rice is an ideal nesting place for a colony of these little marsh wrens。 The home is made of sedge grasses； softly lined with the softer meadow grass or plant…down； and placed in a tussock of tall grass； or even upon the ground。 The entrance is on the side。 But while fond of moist places； both for a home and feeding ground； it will be noticed that these wrens have no special fondness for running water； so dear to their long…billed relatives。 Another distinction is that the eggs of this species； instead of being so densely speckled as to look brown； are pure white。
BROWN THRASHER （Harporhynchus rufus） Thrasher and Mocking…bird family
Called also： BROWN THRUSH； GROUND THRUSH； RED THRUSH； BROWN MOCKING…BIRD； FRENCH MOCKING…BIRD； MAVIS
Length 11 to 11。5 inches。 Fully an inch longer than the robin。 Male Rusty red…brown or rufous above； darkest on wings； which have two short whitish bands。 Underneath white； heavily streaked （except on throat） with dark…brown； arrow…shaped spots。 Tail very long。 Yellow eyes。 Bill long and curved at tip。 Female Paler than male。 Range United States to Rockies。 Nests from Gulf States to Manitoba and Montreal。 Winters south of Virginia。 Migrations Late April。 October。 Common summer resident
〃There's a merry brown thrush sitting up in a tree； He is singing to me！ He is singing to me！ And what does he say； little girl； little boy？ 'Oh； the world's running over with joy！'〃
The hackneyed poem beginning with this stanza that delighted our nursery days； has left in our minds a fairly correct impression of the bird。 He still proves to be one of the perennially joyous singers； like a true cousin of the wrens； and when we study him afield； he appears to give his whole attention to his song with a self…consciousness that is rather amusing than the reverse。 〃What musician wouldn't be conscious of his own powers；〃 he seems to challenge us； 〃if he possessed such a gift？〃 Seated on a conspicuous perch； as if inviting attention to his performance； with uplifted head and drooping tail he repeats the one exultant； dashing air to which his repertoire is limited； without waiting for an encore。 Much practice has given the notes a brilliancy of ex