the fathers of the constitution-第38章

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Alliance；　or　Confederation；　grant　Letters　of　Marque　or　Reprisal；　coin　Money；　emit　Bills　of　Credit；　make　any　Thing　but　gold　and　silver　Coin　a　Tender　in　Payment　of　Debts；　pass　any　Bill　of　Attainder；　ex　post　facto　Law；　or　Law　impairing　the　Obligation　of　Contracts；　or　grant　any　Title　of　Nobility。　2。　No　State　shall；　without　the　Consent　of　the　Congress；　lay　any　Imposts　or　Duties　on　imports　or　Exports；　except　what　may　be　absolutely　necessary　for　executing　its　inspection　Laws：　and　the　net　Produce　of　all　Duties　and　Imposts；　laid　by　any　State　on　Imports　or　Exports；　shall　be　for　the　Use　of　the　Treasury　of　the　United　States；　and　all　such　Laws　shall　be　subject　to　the　Revision　and　Controul　of　the　Congress。　3。　No　State　shall；　without　the　Consent　of　Congress；　lay　any　Duty　of　Tonnage；　keep　Troops；　or　Ships　of　War　in　time　of　Peace；　enter　into　any　Agreement　or　Compact　with　another　State；　or　with　a　foreign　Power；　or　engage　in　War；　unless　actually　invaded；　or　in　such　imminent　Danger　as　will　not　admit　of　delay。　ARTICLE。　II。　SECTION。　1。　1。　The　executive　Power　shall　be　vested　in　a　President　of　the　United　States　of　America。　He　shall　hold　his　Office　during　the　Term　of　four　Years；　and；　together　with　the　Vice　President；　chosen　for　the　same　Term；　be　elected；　as　follows　2。　Each　State　shall　appoint；　in　such　Manner　as　the　Legislature　thereof　may　direct；　a　Number　of　Electors；　equal　to　the　whole　Number　of　Senators　and　Representatives　to　which　the　State　may　be　entitled　in　the　Congress：　but　no　Senator　or　Representative；　or　Person　holding　an　Office　of　Trust　or　Profit　under　the　United　States；　shall　be　appointed　an　Elector。　3。　The　Congress　may　determine　the　Time　of　chusing　the　Electors；　and　the　Day　on　which　they　shall　give　their　Votes；　which　Day　shall　be　the　same　throughout　the　United　States。　4。　No　Person　except　a　natural　born　Citizen；　or　a　Citizen　of　the　United　States；　at　the　time　of　the　Adoption　of　this　Constitution；　shall　be　eligible　to　the　Office　of　President；　neither　shall　any　Person　be　eligible　to　that　Office　who　shall　not　have　attained　to　the　Age　of　thirty　five　Years；　and　been　fourteen　Years　a　Resident　within　the　United　States。　5。　In　Case　of　the　Removal　of　the　President　from　Office；　or　of　his　Death；　Resignation；　or　Inability　to　discharge　the　Powers　and　Duties　of　the　said　Office；　the　same　shall　devolve　on　the　Vice　President；　and　the　Congress　may　by　Law　provide　for　the　Case　of　Removal；　Death；　Resignation；　or　Inability；　both　of　the　President　and　Vice　President；　declaring　what　Officer　shall　then　act　as　President；　and　such　Officer　shall　act　accordingly；　until　the　Disability　be　removed；　or　a　President　shall　be　elected。　6。　The　President　shall；　at　stated　Times；　receive　for　his　Services；　a　Compensation；　which　shall　neither　be　encreased　nor　dimished　during　the　Period　for　which　he　shall　have　been　elected；　and　he　shall　not　receive　within　that　Period　any　other　Emolument　from　the　United　States；　or　any　of　them。　7。　Before　he　enter　on　the　Execution　of　his　Office；　he　shall　take　the　following　Oath　or　Affirmation：〃I　do　solemnly　swear　（or　affirm）　that　I　will　faithfully　execute　the　Office　of　the　President　of　the　United　States；　and　will　to　the　best　of　my　ability；　preserve；　protect　and　defend　the　Constitution　of　the　United　States。〃　SECTION。　2。　1。　The　President　shall　be　Commander　in　Chief　of　the　Army　and　Navy　of　the　United　States；　and　of　the　Militia　of　the　several　States；　when　called　into　the　actual　Service　of　the　United　States；　he　may　require　the　Opinion；　in　writing；　of　the　principal　Officer　in　each　of　the　executive　Departments；　upon　any　Subject　relating　to　the　Duties　of　their　respective　Offices；　and　he　shall　have　Power　to　grant　Reprieves　and　Pardons　for　Offences　against　the　United　States；　except　in　Cases　of　Impeachment。　2。　He　shall　have　Power；　by　and　with　the　Advice　and　Consent　of　the　Senate；　to　make　Treaties；　provided　two　thirds　of　the　Senators　present　concur；　and　he　shall　nominate；　and　by　and　with　the　Advice　and　Consent　of　the　Senate；　shall　appoint　Ambassadors；　other　public　Ministers　and　Consuls；　Judges　of　the　supreme　Court；　and　all　other　Officers　of　the　United　States；　whose　Appointments　are　not　herein　otherwise　provided　for；　and　which　shall　be　established　by　Law：　but　the　Congress　may　by　Law　vest　the　Appointment　of　such　inferior　Officers；　as　they　think　proper；　in　the　President　alone；　in　the　Courts　of　Law；　or　in　the　Heads　of　Departments。　3。　The　President　shall　have　Power　to　fill　up　all　Vacancies　that　may　happen　during　the　Recess　of　the　Senate；　by　granting　Commissions　which　shall　expire　at　the　End　of　their　next　Session。　SECTION。　3。　He　shall　from　time　to　time　give　to　the　Congress　Information　of　the　State　of　the　Union；　and　recommend　to　their　Consideration　such　Measures　as　he　shall　judge　necessary　and　expedient；　he　may；　on　extraordinary　Occasions；　convene　both　Houses；　or　either　of　them；　and　in　Case　of　Disagreement　between　them；　with　Respect　to　the　Time　of　Adjournment；　he　may　adjourn　them　to　such　Time　as　he　shall　think　proper；　he　shall　receive　Ambassadors　and　other　public　Ministers；　he　shall　take　Care　that　the　Laws　be　faithfully　executed；　and　shall　Commission　all　the　Officers　of　the　United　States。　SECTION。　4。　The　President；　Vice　President　and　all　civil　Officers　of　the　United　States；　shall　be　removed　from　Office　on　Impeachment　for；　and　Conviction　of；　Treason；　Bribery；　or　other　high　Crimes　and　Misdemeanors。　ARTICLE　III。　SECTION。　1。　The　judicial　Power　of　the　United　States；　shall　be　vested　in　one　supreme　Court；　and　in　such　inferior　Courts　as　the　Congress　may　from　time　to　time　ordain　and　establish。　The　Judges；　both　of　the　supreme　and　inferior　Courts；　shall　hold　their　Offices　during　good　Behaviour；　and　shall；　at　stated　Times；　receive　for　their　Services；　a　Compensation；　which　shall　not　be　diminished　during　their　Continuance　in　Office。　SECTION。　2。　1。　The　judicial　Power　shall　extend　to　all　Cases；　in　Law　and　Equity；　arising　under　this　Constitution；　the　Laws　of　the　United　States；　and　Treaties　made；　or　which　shall　be　made；　under　their　Authority；to　all　Cases　affecting　Ambassadors；　other　public　Ministers　and　Consuls；to　all　Cases　of　admiralty　and　maritime　Jurisdiction；to　Controversies　to　which　the　United　States　shall　be　a　Party；to　Controversies　between　two　or　more　States；between　a　State　and　Citizens　of　another　State　between　Citizens　of　different　States；between　Citizens　of　the　same　State　claiming　Lands　under　Grants　of　different　States；　and　between　a　State；　or　the　Citizens　thereof；　and　foreign　States；　Citizens　or　Subjects；　2。　In　all　Cases　affecting　Ambassadors；　other　public　Ministers　and　Consuls；　and　those　in　which　a　State　shall　be　Party；　the　supreme　Court　shall　have　original　Jurisdiction。　In　all　the　other　Cases　before　mentioned；　the　supreme　Court　shall　have　appellate　Jurisdiction；　both　as　to　Law　and　Fact；　with　such　Exceptions；　and　under　such　Regulations　as　the　Congress　shall　make。　3。　The　Trial　of　all　Crimes；　except　in　Cases　of　Impeachment；　shall　be　by　Jury；　and　such　Trial　shall　be　held　in　the　State　where　the　said　Crimes　shall　have　been　committed；　but　when　not　committed　within　any　State；　the　Trial　shall　be　at　such　Place　or　Places　as　the　Congress　may　by　Law　have　directed。　SECTION。　3。　1。　Treason　against　the　United　States；　shall　consist　only　in　levying　War　against　them；　or　in　adhering　to　their　Enemies；　givin