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d in its contentious snares。
81
Words that resonate may not be eloquent；
But eloquence may never resonate。
Pure being does not argue；
Those who argue pervert pure being。
Understanding is not scholarly；
A scholar抯 way lacks understanding。
The Sage does not hoard its teaching：
The more it gives us；
The more it is fulfilled。
For giving is the way of true increase。
The way of Tao is benevolent：
It does not harm or punish。
The Tao brings all things to completion；
In the endless dance of its Harmony。
English_Duyvendak_TTK
Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
Chinese … Dutch by
Jan Julius Lodewijk Duyvendak
Dutch … English by
Unknown； 1954
1
The Way that may truly be regarded as the Way is other than a permanent way。
The terms that may truly be regarded as terms are other than permanent terms。
The term Non…being indicates the beginning of heaven and earth； the term Being indicates the mother of the ten thousand things。
For； indeed； it is through the constant alteration between Non…being and Being that the wonder of the one and the limitation of the other will be seen。
These two； having a common origin； are named with different terms。
What they have in common is called the Mystery； The Mystery of Mysteries； the Gate of all Wonders。
2
Everybody in the world recognizes beauty as beauty； and thus ugliness （is known）。
Everybody recognizes the good as good； and thus what is not good （is known）。
For indeed：。
Being and Non…being produce one another；。
Hard and easy complete one another；。
Long and short are relative to one another；。
High and low depend on one another；。
Tone and voice harmonize with one another；。
First and last succeed one another。
3
Not exalting ability ensures that the people do not strive。
Not prizing goods that are difficult to obtain ensures that the people do not become robbers。
Not showing them what they might desire ensures that the people do not feel disturbed in their hearts。
Therefore the Saint； in the exercise of government； empties their hearts and fills their bellies； weakens their wills and strengthens their bones； thus constantly ensuring that the people are without knowledge and without desires and that those who have knowledge dare not act。 He practices Non…action and consequently there is nothing that is not well governed。
4
The Way is like an empty vessel which； in spite of being used； is never filled。 How bottomless it is； like the progenitor of the ten thousand things！ How deep it is； as if it will last forever！
Generated by I know not what； it is the Image of what was before the 〃Emperors〃。
5
Heaven and earth are not humane： they treat the ten thousand things like （sacrificial） straw dogs。
The Saints are not humane： they treat the people like （sacrificial） straw dogs。
The space between heaven and earth； … how like a bellows it is！ It is emptied without being exhausted。 It is put in motion and it brings forth more and more。
A multiplicity of words is soon exhausted； better it is to preserve a middle course。
6
〃The valley spirit never dies〃； this refers to the dark female。
〃The gate of the dark female〃； this refers to the root of heaven and earth。
In fibrous ramifications it is ever present； its activity never ceases。
7
Heaven is longeval and earth is long lasting。 The reason why heaven and earth and longeval and long lasting is because they do not reproduce themselves； therefore they are able to be longeval and long lasting。
That is why the Saint puts himself behind and yet he comes to the fore。 He puts himself outside and yet he is preserved。 Is it not because he is without personal preference that his personal preference is fulfilled？
8
The highest goodness is like water。 The goodness of water consists in benefiting the ten thousand things without ever striving。 It stays in the （lowest） place which all men loathe。 Therefore it comes near to the Way。
What one values in a dwelling is the location；
What one values for the heart is depth；
What one values in human relations is humanity；
What one values in speaking is good faith；
What one values in ruling is good order；
What one values in serving others is ability；
What one values in action is timeliness。
Indeed； just because there is not striving； one may remain without blame。
9
Better to stop than to hold and fill。
Though in tempering a sword； you may feel （the edge）； you cannot guarantee （its sharpness） for long。
A hall full of bronze and jade no one can guard。
Wealth and honours lead to pride； thus evil will naturally follow in their train。
To withdraw one's person when the work is done； such is heaven's Way。
10
By clinging to the One with both your spiritual and physical souls； can you prevent them from becoming divorced？
By concentrating your breath until you become soft； can you be like an infant？
By cleansing your secret mirror； can you make it without blemish？
In loving the people and ruling a state； can you be without action？
In opening and closing the natural gates； can you be like a hen？
In penetrating the four quarters with your intelligence； can you be without knowledge？
11
Though thirty spokes may be joined in one hub； the utility of the carriage lies in what is not there。
Though clay may be moulded into a vase； the utility of the vase lies in what is not there
Though doors and windows may be cut to make a house； the utility of the house lies in what is not there。
Therefore； taking advantage of what is； we recognize the utility of what is not。
12
The five colours blind man's eye。
The five notes deafen man's ear。
The five tastes jade man's palate。
Galloping and hunting madden man's heart。
Goods that are difficult to obtain entangle man's conduct。
That is why the Saint cares for the belly and not for the eye。
For indeed； he rejects the one and chooses the other。
13
Favour and disgrace are both like goads； value great disasters as your body。
What is the meaning of： 〃Favour and disgrace are both like goads〃？
Favour is high； disgrace is low； to attain is like a goad； to fail is like a god。 That is the meaning of： 〃Favour and disgrace are both like goads〃。
What is the meaning of： 〃value great disasters as your body〃？
The reason that I suffer great disasters； is that I have a body。
As soon as I have no body； what disaster can I suffer？
Therefore； he who rules All…under…heaven as he values his own body； may well be entrusted with All…under…heaven； he who rules All…under…heaven as he loves his body； may well be entrusted with All…under…heaven。
14
Gazing； we do not see it； we call it dim。
Listening； we do not hear it； we call it inaudible。
Groping； we do not grasp it； we call it subtile。
These three （properties） do not allow ultimate scrutiny； for indeed；