the commonwealth of oceana-第60章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


ators　of　Lacedaemon　had；　where　there　was　little　money　or　use　of　it；　were　in　honors　for　life。　The　patricians　having　no　profit；　took　all。　Venice　being　a　situation　where　a　man　goes　but　to　the　door　for　his　employment；　the　honor　is　great　and　the　reward　very　little；　but　in　Holland　a　councillor　of　state　has　？；500　Flemish　a　year；　besides　other　accommodations。　The　States…General　have　more。　And　that　commonwealth　looks　nearer　her　penny　than　ours　needs　to　do。　　　　　〃For　the　revenue　of　this　nation；　besides　that　of　her　industry；　it　　amounts；　as　has　been　shown；　to　？0；000；000；　and　the　salaries　in　the　whole　come　not　to　？00；000　a　year。　The　beauty　they　will　add　to　the　commonwealth　will　be　exceeding　great；　and　the　people　will　delight　in　this　beauty　of　their　commonwealth；　the　encouragement　they　will　give　to　the　study　of　the　public　being　very　progitable；　the　accommodation　they　will　afford　to　your　magistrates　very　honorable　and　easy。　And　the　sum；　when　it　or　twice　as　much　was　spent　in　bunting　and　housekeeping；　was　never　any　grievance　to　the　people。　I　am　ashamed　to　stand　huckling　upon　this　point；　it　is　sordid。　Your　magistrates　are　rather　to　be　provided　with　further　accommodations。　For　what　if　there　should　be　sickness？　whither　will　you　have　them　to　remove？　And　this　city　in　the　soundest　times；　for　the　heat　of　the　year；　is　no　wholesome　abode：　have　a　care　of　their　healths　to　whom　you　commit　your　own。　I　would　have　the　Senate　and　the　people；　except　they　see　cause　to　the　contrary；　every　first　of　June　to　remove　into　the　country　air　for　the　space　of　three　months。　You　are　better　fitted　with　summer…houses　for　them　than　if　you　had　built　them　to　that　purpose。　　　　　〃There　is　some　twelve　miles　distant　the　convallium　upon　the　river　Halcionia；　for　the　tribunes　and　the　prerogative；　a　palace　capable　of　1；000　men；　and　twenty　miles　distant　you　have　Mount　Celia；　reverend　as　well　for　the　antiquity　as　state　of　a　castle　completely　capable　of　the　Senate；　the　proposers　having　lodgings　in　the　convallium；　and　the　tribunes　in　Celia；　it　holds　the　correspondency　between　the　Senate　and　the　people　exactly　And　it　is　a　small　matter　for　the　proposers；　being　attended　with　the　coaches　and　officers　of　state；　besides　other　conveniences　of　their　own；　to　go　a　matter　of　five　or　ten　miles　（those　seats　are　not　much　farther　distant）　to　meet　the　people　upon　any　heath　or　field　that　shall　be　appointed：　where；　having　despatched　their　business；　they　may　hunt　their　own　venison　（for　I　would　have　the　great　walled　park　upon　the　Halcionia　to　belong　to　the　signory；　and　those　about　the　convallium　to　the　tribunes）　and　so　go　to　supper。　Pray；　my　lords；　see　that　they　do　not　pull　down　these　houses　to　sell　the　lead　of　them；　for　when　　you　have　considered　on　it；　they　cannot　be　spared。　The　founders　of　the　school　in　Hiera　provided　that　the　boys　should　have　a　summer　seat。　You　should　have　as　much　care　of　these　magistrates。　But　there　is　such　a　selling；　such　a　Jewish　humor　in　our　republicans；　that　I　cannot　tell　what　to　say　to　it；　only　this；　any　man　that　knows　what　belongs　to　a　commonwealth；　or　how　diligent　every　nation　in　that　case　has　been　to　preserve　her　ornaments；　and　shall　see　the　waste　lately　made　（the　woods　adjoining　to　this　city；　which　served　for　the　delight　and　health　of　it；　being　cut　down　to　be　sold　for　threepence）；　will　you　tell　that　they　who　did　such　things　would　never　have　made　a　commonwealth。　The　like　may　be　said　of　the　ruin　or　damage　done　upon　our　cathedrals；　ornaments　in　which　this　nation　excels　all　others。　Nor　shall　this　ever　be　excused　upon　the　score　of　religion；　for　though　it　be　true　that　God　dwells　not　in　houses　made　with　hands；　yet　you　cannot　hold　your　assemblies　but　in　such　houses；　and　these　are　of　the　best　that　have　been　made　with　hands。　Nor　is　it　well　argued　that　they　are　pompous；　and　therefore　profane；　or　less　proper　for　divine　service；　seeing　the　Christians　in　the　primitive　Church　chose　to　meet　with　one　accord　in　the　Temple；　so　far　were　they　from　any　inclination　to　pull　it　down。〃

　　　　The　orders　of　this　commonwealth；　so　far；　or　near　so　far　as　they　concern　the　elders；　together　with　the　several　speeches　at　the　institution；　which　may　serve　for　the　better　understanding　of　them　as　so　many　commentaries；　being　shown；　I　should　now　come　from　the　elders　to　the　youth；　or　from　the　civil　constitution　of　this　government　to　the　military；　but　that　I　judge　this　the　fittest　place　whereinto；　by　the　way；　to　insert　the　government　of　the　city　though　for　the　present　but　perfunctorily。　　　　　〃'The　metropolis　or　capital　city　of　Oceana　is　commonly　called　Emporium；　though　it　consists　of　two　cities　distinct；　as　well　in　name　as　in　government；　whereof　the　other　is　called　Hiera；　for　which　cause　I　shall　treat　of　each　apart；　beginning　with　Emporium。　　　　　〃Emporium；　with　the　liberties；　is　under　a　twofold　division；　the　one　regarding　the　national；　and　the　other　the　urban　or　city　government。　It　is　divided；　in　regard　of　the　national　government；　into　three　tribes；　and　in　respect　of　the　urban　into　twenty　six；　which　for　distinction's　sake　are　called　wards；　being　contained　under　three　tribes　but　unequally；　wherefore　the　first　tribe　containing　ten　wards　is　called　scazon；　the　second　containing　eight　metoche；　and　the　third　containing　as　many　telicouta；　the　bearing　of　which　names　in　mind　concerns　the　better　understanding　of　the　government。　　　　　〃Every　ward　has　her　wardmote；　court；　or　inquest；　consisting　of　all　that　are　of　the　clothing　or　liveries　of　companies　residing　within　the　same。　　　　　〃Such　are　of　the　livery　or　clothing　as　have　attained　to　the　dignity　to　wear　gowns　and　parti…colored　hoods　or　tippets；　according　to　the　rules　and　ancient　customs　of　their　respective　companies。　　　　　〃A　company　is　a　brotherhood　of　tradesmen　professing　the　same　art；　governed　according　to　their　charter　by　a　master　and　wardens。　Of　these　there　be　about　sixty；　whereof　twelve　are　of　greater　dignity　than　the　rest；　that　is　to　say；　the　mercers；　grocers；　drapers；　fishmongers；　goldsmiths；　skinners；　merchant…tailors；　haberdashers；　salters；　ironmongers；　vintners；　clothworkers；　which；　with　most　of　the　rest；　have　common　halls；　divers　of　them　being　of　ancient　and　magnificent　structure；　wherein　they　have　frequent　meetings；　at　the　summons　of　their　master　or　wardens；　for　the　managing　and　regulation　of　their　respective　trades　and　mysteries。　These　companies；　as　I　shall　show；　are　the　roots　of　the　whole　government　of　the　city。　For　the　liveries　that　reside　in　the　same　ward；　meeting　at　the　wardmote　inquest　（to　which　it　belongs　to　take　cognizance　of　all　sorts　of　nuisances　and　violations　of　the　customs　and　orders　of　the　city；　and　to　present　them　to　the　court　of　aldermen）；　have　also　power　to　make　election　of　two　sorts　of　magistrates　or　officers；　the　first　of　elders　or　aldermen　of　the　ward；　the　second　of　deputies　of　the　same；　otherwise　called　common　councilmen。　　　　　〃The　wards　in　these　elections；　because　they　do　not　elect　all　at　once；　but　some　one　year　and　some　another；　observe　the　distinction　of　the　three　tribes；　for　example；　the　scazon；　consisting　of　ten　wards；　makes　election　the　first　year　of　ten　aldermen；　one　in　each　ward；　and　of　150　deputies；　fifteen　in　each　ward；　all　which　are　triennial　magistrates　or　officers；　that　is　to　say；　are　to　bear　their　dignity　for　the　space　of　three　years。　　　　　〃The　seco