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ent。
Let us now look at the occasional patronage of the President； arising from offices not belonging to the Society。 He is； EX OFFICIO； a Trustee of the British Museum； and it may seem harsh to maintain that he is not a fit person to hold such a situation。 It is no theoretical view； but it is the EXPERIENCE of the past which justifies the assertion； and I fear that unless he has the sole responsibility for some specific appointments； and unless his judgment is sharpened by the fear of public discussion； a President of the Royal Society； in the Board…room of the British Museum； is quite as likely as another person to sacrifice his public duty to the influence of power； or to private friendship。 With respect to the merits of that Institution； I have no inclination at present to inquire： but when it is considered that there is at this moment attached to it no one whose observations or whose writings have placed him even in the second rank amongst the naturalists of Europe； the President of the Royal Society has given some grounds for the remark made by several members of the Society； that he is a little too much surrounded by the officers of a body who may reasonably be supposed to entertain towards him feelings either of gratitude or expectation。 ＇It will be remembered that the name of Mr。 Robert Brown has been but recently attached to the British Museum； and that it is to be attributed to his possessing a life interest in the valuable collection of the late Sir Joseph Banks。＇
The late Board of Longitude was another source of patronage； which； although now abolished； it may be useful to hint at。
There were three members to be appointed by the Royal Society： these were honorary； and； as no salary was attached； it might have been expected that this limited number of appointments would have been given in all cases to persons qualified for them。 But no： it was convenient to pay compliments； and Lord Colchester； whose talents and knowledge insured him respect as Speaker of the House of Commons； or as a British nobleman； was placed for years in the situation as one of the Commissioners of the Board of Longitude； for which every competent judge knew him to be wholly unfit。 What was the return which he made for this indulgence？ Little informed respecting the feelings of the Society； and probably misinformed by the party whose influence had placed him there； he saved them in the day of their peril。
When the state of the Society had reached such a point that many of the more scientific members felt that some amendment was absolutely necessary to its respectability； a committee was formed to suggest to the Council such improvements as they might consider it expedient to discuss。 ＇Amongst the names of the persons composing this Committee； which was proposed by Mr。 South； were those of Dr。 Wollaston and Mr。 Herschel。＇ The Council received their report at the close of the session； and in recording it on the journals； they made an appeal to the Council for the ensuing year to bestow on it 〃THEIR EARLIEST AND MOST SERIOUS ATTENTION。〃
Now when the party； to whose government some of these improvements would have been a death…warrant； found that the subject was likely to be taken up in the Council； they were in dismay： but the learned and grateful peer came to their assistance； and aided Mr。 Davies Gilbert in getting rid of these improvements completely。
It has been the fashion to maintain that all classes of the Royal Society should be represented in the Council； and consequently that a peer or two should find a place amongst them。 Those who are most adverse to this doctrine would perhaps be the most anxious to render this tribute to any one really employing his time； his talents； or his rank in advancing the cause of science。 But when a nobleman； unversed in our pursuits； will condescend to use the influence of his station in aiding a President to stifle； WITHOUT DISCUSSION； propositions recommended for consideration by some of the most highly gifted members of the Society；those who doubt the propriety of the principle may reasonably be pardoned for the disgust they must necessarily entertain for the practical abuse to which it leads。
Of the other three Commissioners； who received each a hundred a…year； although the nomination was； in point of form； in the Admiralty； yet it was well known that the President of the Royal Society did； in fact； always name them。 Of these I will only mention one fact。 The late Sir Joseph Banks assigned to me as a reason why I need not expect to be appointed； （as he had held out to me at a former period when I had spoken to him on the subject） that I had taken a prominent part in the formation of the ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY。 I am proud of the part I did take in establishing that Society； although an undue share of its honour was assigned to me by the President。
It may； perhaps； be inquired； why I publish this fact at this distance of time？ I answer； that I stated it publicly at the Council of the Astronomical Society；that I always talked of it publicly and openly at the time；that I purposely communicated it to each succeeding President of the Royal Society； and that； although some may have forgotten the communications I made at the time； there are others who remember them well。
The Secretary of the late Board of Longitude received 300L。； and 200L。 more； as Superintendent of the Nautical Almanac。
Another situation； in the patronage of which the President is known to have considerable influence； is that of Astronomer Royal； and it is to be observed； that he is kept in the Council as much as possible； notwithstanding the nature of his duties。
Of the three appointments of 100L。 a…year each； which have been instituted since the abolition of the Board of Longitude； the President is supposed to have the control； thus making him quite sure of the obedience of his Council。
Besides these sources of patronage； there are other incidental occasions on which Government apply to the Royal Society to recommend proper persons to make particular experiments or observations； and； although I am far from supposing that these are in many instances given to persons the second or third best qualified for them； yet they deserve to be mentioned。
SECTION 12。
OF THE PLAN FOR REFORMING THE SOCIETY。
The indiscriminate admission of every candidate became at last so notorious； even beyond the pale of the Society； that some of the members began to perceive the inconveniences to which it led。 This feeling； together with a conviction that other improvements were necessary to re…establish the Society in public opinion； induced several of the most active members to wish for some reform in its laws and proceedings； and a Committee was appointed to consider the subject。 It was perfectly understood； that the object of this Committee was to inquire；First； as to the means and propriety of limiting the numbers of this Society； and then； as to other changes which they might think beneficial。 The names of the gentlemen composing this Committee were：
Dr。 Wollaston； Mr。 Herschel； Dr。 Young； Mr。 Babbage； Mr。 Davies Gilbert； Captain Beaufort； Mr。 South； Captain Kate