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s； and the world seems at their feet。 Then they painfully recognize their limitations； then they know their weakness； then they understand that there are things which money cannot buy； and that there are gratifications and triumphs which no fortune can secure。 The one lament of all those men has been： 〃Oh； if I had been educated I would sacrifice all that I have to obtain the opportunities of the college； to be able to sustain not only conversation and discussion with the educated men with whom I come in contact； but competent also to enjoy what I see is a delight to them beyond anything which I know。〃
But I recall gratefully other influences quite as important to one's education。 My father was a typical business man； one of the pioneers of river transportation between our village and New York； and also a farmer and a merchant。 He was a stern man devoted to his family； and； while a strict disciplinarian； very fond of his children。
My mother was a woman of unusual intellect bordering upon genius。 There were no means of higher education at that period； but her father； who was an eminent lawyer； and her grandfather； a judge； finding her so receptive； educated her with the care that was given to boys who were intended for a professional life。 She was well versed in the literature of the time of Queen Elizabeth and Queen Anne； and； with a retentive memory； knew by heart many of the English classics。 She wrote well； but never for publication。 Added to these accomplishments were rare good sense and prophetic vision。 The foundation and much of the superstructure of all that I have and all that I am were her work。 She was a rigid Calvinist； and one of her many lessons has been of inestimable comfort to me。 Several times in my life I have met with heavy misfortunes and what seemed irreparable losses。 I have returned home to find my mother with wise advice and suggestions ready to devote herself to the reconstruction of my fortune； and to brace me up。 She always said what she thoroughly believed： 〃My son； this which you think so great a calamity is really divine discipline。 The Lord has sent it to you for your own good； because in His infinite wisdom He saw that you needed it。 I am absolutely certain that if you submit instead of repining and protesting； if you will ask with faith and proper spirit for guidance and help； they both will come to you and with greater blessings than you ever had before。〃 That faith of my mother inspired and intensified my efforts and in every instance her predictions proved true。
Every community has a public…spirited citizen who unselfishly devotes himself or herself to the public good。 That citizen of Peekskill in those early days was Doctor James Brewer。 He had accumulated a modest competence sufficient for his simple needs as bachelor。 He was either the promoter or among the leaders of all the movements for betterment of the town。 He established a circulating library upon most liberal terms； and it became an educational institution of benefit。 The books were admirably selected； and the doctor's advice to readers was always available。 His taste ran to the English classics； and he had all the standard authors in poetry； history； fiction； and essay。
No pleasure derived in reading in after…years gave me such delight as the Waverley Novels。 I think I read through that library and some of it several times over。
The excitement as the novels of Dickens and Thackeray began to appear equalled almost the enthusiasm of a political campaign。 Each one of those authors had ardent admirers and partisans。 The characters of Dickens became household companions。 Every one was looking for the counterpart of Micawber or Sam Weller； Pecksniff or David Copperfield； and had little trouble in finding them either in the family circle or among the neighbors。
Dickens's lectures in New York； which consisted of readings from his novels； were an event which has rarely been duplicated for interest。 With high dramatic ability he brought out before the audience the characters from his novels with whom all were familiar。 Every one in the crowd had an idealistic picture in his mind of the actors of the story。 It was curious to note that the presentation which the author gave coincided with the idea of the majority of his audience。 I was fresh from the country but had with me that evening a rather ultra…fashionable young lady。 She said she was not interested in the lecture because it represented the sort of people she did not know and never expected to meet； they were a very common lot。 In her subsequent career in this country and abroad she had to her credit three matrimonial adventures and two divorces； but none of her husbands were of the common lot。
Speaking of Dickens； one picture remains indelibly pressed upon my memory。 It was the banquet given him at which Horace Greeley presided。 Everybody was as familiar with Mr。 Pickwick and his portrait by Cruikshank in Dickens's works as with one's father。 When Mr。 Greeley arose to make the opening speech and introduce the guest of the evening； his likeness to this portrait of Pickwick was so remarkable that the whole audience； including Mr。 Dickens； shouted their delight in greeting an old and welI…beloved friend。
Another educational opportunity came in my way because one of my uncles was postmaster of the village。 Through his post…office came several high…class magazines and foreign reviews。 There was no rural delivery in those days； and the mail could only be had on personal application； and the result was that the subscribers of these periodicals frequently left them a long time before they were called for。 I was an omnivorous reader of everything available； and as a result these publications； especially the foreign reviews； became a fascinating source of information and culture。 They gave from the first minds of the century criticisms of current literature and expositions of political movements and public men which became of infinite value in after…years。
Another unincorporated and yet valuable school was the frequent sessions at the drug store of the elder statesmen of the village。 On certain evenings these men； representing most of the activities of the village； would avail themselves of the hospitable chairs about the stove and discuss not only local matters but the general conditions of the country； some of them revolving about the constitutionality of various measures which had been proposed and enacted into laws。 They nearly all related to slavery； the compromise measures； the introduction of slaves into new territories； the fugitive slave law； and were discussed with much intelligence and information。 The boys heard them talked about in their homes and were eager listeners on the outskirts of this village congress。 Such institutions are not possible except in the universal acquaintance； fellowship； and confidences of village and country life。 They were the most important factors in forming that public opinion； especially among the young； which supported Mr。 Lincoln in his successful efforts to save the Union at whatever cost。
A few days after returning home from Yale I entered the office of Edward Wells； a lawyer of the v