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The meeting of the delegates from New York was a stormy one and lasted until nearly morning。 Mr。 Dickinson had many warm friends； especially among those of previous democratic affiliation； and the State pride to have a vice…president was in his favor。 Upon the final vote Andrew Johnson had one majority。 The decision of New York was accepted by the convention and he was nominated for vice…president。
This is an instance of which I have met many in my life； where the course of history was changed on a very narrow margin。 Political histories and the newspapers' discussions of the time assigned the success of Mr。 Johnson to the efforts of several well…known delegates； but really it was largely if not wholly due to the message of Mr。 Seward； which was carried by Judge Robertson and myself to the delegates。
The year of 1864 was full of changes of popular sentiment and surprises。 The North had become very tired of the war。 The people wanted peace； and peace at almost any price。 Jacob Thompson and Clement C。 Clay； ex…United States senators from the South； appeared at Niagara Falls； on the Canadian side； and either they or their friends gave out that they were there to treat for peace。 In reference to them Mr。 Lincoln said to me： 〃This effort was to inflame the peace sentiment of the North； to embarrass the administration； and to demoralize the army； and in a way it was successful。 Mr。 Greeley was hammering at me to take action for peace and said that unless I met these men every drop of blood that was shed and every dollar that was spent I would be responsible for； that it would be a blot upon my conscience and soul。 I wrote a letter to Mr。 Greeley and said to him that those two ex…United States senators were Whigs and old friends of his； personally and politically； and that I desired him to go to Niagara Falls and find out confidentially what their credentials were and let me know。〃
The president stated that instead of Mr。 Greeley doing it that way； he went there as an ambassador； and with an array of reporters established himself on the American side and opened negotiations with these two alleged envoys across the bridge。 Continuing； Mr。 Lincoln said： 〃I had reason to believe from confidential information which I had received from a man I trusted and who had interviewed Jefferson Davis； the president of the Confederacy； that these envoys were without authority； because President Davis had said to this friend of mine and of his that he would treat on no terms whatever but on absolute recognition of the independence of the Southern Confederacy。 The attention of the whole country and of the army centred on these negotiations at Niagara Falls； and to stop the harm they were doing I recalled Mr。 Greeley and issued my proclamation 'To Whom It May Concern；' in which I stated if there was anybody or any delegation at Niagara Falls； or anywhere else； authorized to represent the Southern Confederacy and to treat for peace； they had free conduct and safety to Washington and return。 Of course； they never came； because their mission was a subterfuge。 But they made Greeley believe in them； and the result is that he is still attacking me for needlessly prolonging the war for purposes of my own。〃
At a Cabinet meeting one of the members said to Mr。 Lincoln： 〃Mr。 President； why don't you write a letter to the public stating these facts； and that will end Mr。 Greeley's attacks？〃 The president answered： 〃Mr。 Greeley owns a daily newspaper； a very widely circulated and influential one。 I have no newspaper。 The press of the country would print my letter； and so would the New York Tribune。 In a little while the public would forget all about it； and then Mr。 Greeley would begin to prove from my own letter that he was right； and I； of course； would be helpless to reply。〃 He brought the Cabinet around to unanimous agreement with him by telling one of his characteristic stories。
This affair and the delays in the prosecution of the war had created a sentiment early in 1864 that the re…election of Mr。 Lincoln was impossible。 The leaders of both the conservative and the radical elements in the Republican party； Mr。 Weed； on the one hand； and Mr。 Greeley； on the other； frankly told the president that he could not be re…elected； and his intimate friend； Congressman Elihu B。 Washburne； after a canvass of the country； gave him the same information。
Then came the spectacular victory of Farragut at Mobile and the triumphant march of Sherman through Georgia； and the sentiment of the country entirely changed。 There was an active movement on foot in the interest of the secretary of the treasury； Chase； and fostered by him； to hold an independent convention before the regular Republican convention as a protest against the renomination of Mr。 Lincoln。 It was supported by some of the most eminent and powerful members of the party； who threw into the effort their means and influence。 After these victories the effort was abandoned and Mr。 Lincoln was nominated by acclamation。 I recall as one of the excitements and pleasures of a lifetime the enthusiastic confidence of that convention when they acclaimed Lincoln their nominee。
Governor Seymour； who was the idol of his party； headed the New York delegation to the national Democratic convention to nominate the president； and his journey to that convention was a triumphal march。 There is no doubt that at the time he had with him not only the enthusiastic support of his own party but the confidence of the advocates of peace。 His own nomination and election seemed inevitable。 However； in deference to the war sentiment； General McClellan was nominated instead； and here occurred one of those littIe things which so often in our country have turned the tide。
The platform committee； and the convention afterwards； permitted to go into the platform a phrase proosed by Clement C。 Vallandigham； of Ohio； the phrase being； 〃The war is a failure。〃 Soon after the adjournment of the convention； to the victories of Farragut and Sherman was added the spectacular campaign and victory of Sheridan in the Valley of Shenandoah。 The Campaign at once took on a new phase。 It was the opportunity for the orator。
It is difficult now to recreate the scenes of that campaign。 The people had been greatly disheartened。 Every family was in bereavement； with a son lost and others still in the service。 Taxes were onerous and economic and business conditions very bad。 Then came this reaction； which seemed to promise an early victory for the Union。 The orator naturally picked up the phrase； 〃The war is a failure〃； then he pictured Farragut tied to the shrouds of his flag…ship； then he portrayed Grant's victories in the Mississippi campaign； Hooker's 〃battle above the clouds；〃 the advance of the Army of Cumberland； then he enthusiastically described Sheridan leaving the War Department hearing of the battle in Shenandoah Valley； speeding on and rallying his defeated troops； reforming and leading them to victory； and finished with reciting some of the stirring war poems。
Mr。 Lincoln's election under the conditions and circumstances was probably more due to that unfortunate phrase in the Democratic platform than