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s to forward it immediately to Melbourne。
Good reader； I copy now； word for word； the scrawl then penned； in great haste and excitement。
Thursday； November 30th； 1854。
Just on my preparing to go and post this letter； we are worried by the usual Irish cry； to run to Gravel…pits。 The traps are out for licences； and playing hell with the diggers。 If that be the case； I am not inclined to give half…a…crown for the whole fixtures at the Camp。
I must go and see 'what's up。
Always your affectionate； （Signed） CARBONI RAFFAELLO。 （To） W。 H。 ARCHER； Esq。； Acting Registrar…General； Melbourne。
…
Why this identical letter of minenow in the hands of James Macpherson Grant； M。L。C。； Solicitor； Collins…street； where it will remain till Christmas for inspection； to be then returned to the ownerwas not produced at my STATE TRIAL； was； and is still； a MYSTERY to me！
Let's run to Bakery…hill。
Chapter XXXIV。
Quos Vult Perdere Deus Dementat。
What's up？ a licence hunt； old game。 What's to be done？ Peter Lalor was on the stump； his rifle in his hand； calling on volunteers to 'fall in' into ranks as fast as they rushed to Bakery…hill； from all quarters； with arms in their hands； just fetched from their tents。 Alfred； George Black's brother； was taking down in a book the names of divisions in course of formation； and of their captains。
I went up to Lalor； and the moment he saw me； he took me by the hand saying； 〃I want you； Signore： tell these gentlemen； （pointing to old acquaintances of ours； who were foreigners） that； if they cannot provide themselves with fire…arms； let each of them procure a piece of steel； five or six inches long； attached to a pole； and that will pierce the tyrants' hearts。〃 Peter of course spoke thus in his friendly way as usual towards me。 He was in earnest though。 The few words of French he knows； he can pronounce them tolerably well； but Peter is no scholar in modern languages； therefore he then appointed me his aide…de…camp； or better to say his interpreter； and now I am proud to be his historian。
Very soon after this； all the diggers 'fell in' in file of two…a…breast； and marched to the Eureka。
Captain Ross of Toronto； was our standard…bearer。 He hoisted down the Southern Cross from the flag…staff and headed the march。
Patrick Curtain； the chosen captain of the pikemen； gave me his iron pike； and took my sword to head his division； I 'fell in' with John Manning who also had a pike； and all of us marched in order to the Eureka。
I assert as an eye…witness； that we were within one thousand in the rank with all sort of arms； down to the pick and shovel。
We turned by the Catholic church； and went across the gully。 Of this I have perfect recollection： when the 'Southern Cross' reached the road leading to the Eureka on the opposite hill； the file of two…a…breast crossing the gully； extended backwards up to the hill where the Catholic church stands。 I took notice of the circumstance at the time。
We reached the hill where was my tent。 How little did we know that some of the best among us had reached the place of their grave！ Lalor gave the proper orders to defend ourselves among the holes in case the hunt should be attempted in our quarters。
The red…tape was by far too cunning this time； redcoats； traps and troopers had retired to the Ballaarat Camp； and wanted a 'spell。'
We determined； however； to put an end to their accursed licence…hunting； mock riot…act chopping； Vandemonian shooting down our mates in Gravel…pits。
Chapter XXXV。
Ad Opus Concilium Statutum。
Peter Lalor； at our request； called in all the captains of division； then present； and the chief persons who had taken part in the movement。 We entered a room some twelve feet square； in Diamond's store。 An old European fox for such occasions； I took the right sort of precautions； that no spy might creep in among us。 Black bottles and tumblers were placed on the table； as a blind to any intruder； 'et nunc satis； profani vulgus causa；' we proceeded to business。
Present
1。 There was one； whom it is not prudent to mention just now。
2。 Near him was a thick； short…necked； burly individual； his phisiog indicated at once that he was a priest…ridden。 I won't trouble myself about his name。
3。 I'll begin with TIMOTHY HAYES。 He was born in Ireland； but his outward appearance is that of a noble fellowtall； stout； healthy…looking man； giving himself the airs of a high…born gentleman； fit to rule； direct； superintend； not to work； that's quite another thing。 Of a liberal mind； however； and； above all； of a kind heart； and that covers a multitude of sins。
4。 EDWARD THONEN； a native of Elbertfeld； Prussia； five feet high； some thirty years old； thin； but robust； of vigorous health； used no razor。 His eyes spoke determination and independence of character。 One day in November； 1853； he called with his lemonade kegs at my hole in Sailor's Gully。 A mate was served with a glass of lemonadehalloo！ he must help at the windlass just at the moment he was tendering payment； and the shilling fell to the ground。 Some words passed to the effect that six…pence a glass should be enough for lemonade。 Thonen asked for his shilling； my mate directed him where the shilling lay； Thonen would see him dd first before picking up his money like a dustman； and went away。 I sent that identical shilling （stamped 1844）； along with my little gold； to Rome； most astonishing！ I had the presentiment at the time that I should have had occasion to relate the story。 There was no mate on the gold…fields to match Thonen at chess…playing。 He would turn his head； allow his opponent the move； and then he would give such a glance on the chess board； that the right piece would jump to the right place； as it were of its own accord。 Shrewd； yet honest； benevolent； but scorning the knave； of deep thought； though prompt in action； Thonen possessed the head belonging to that cast of men whose word is their bond。
5。 JOHN MANNING； born in Ireland； and an Irishman to the back…bone； appeared above forty years of age。 His head was bald； perhaps from thinking three times more than he ought； his forehead showed intelligence； but care was there with the ploughthe plough of dreaming too much of virtue； believing the knaves are not the majority on earth。 He had come young to this colony； had passed hard days； and so he had got the colonial habit； now and then； 'Divo jucundo Baccho cultum prestare；' hence his hair was fast turning grey。 He was a self…educated man； but wanted judgment to discipline his fermenting brain； for the control of his heart； which was good； honest； always warm； affectionate to man； woman； and child。 When he took his quill he was 'all there；' but soon manifested the sort of reading of his youth； and experience； however hard； had not yet taught him the sober reality of the things of the worldthat is； he had remained an Irishman； not John Bullised。
6。 Oh！ you long…legged VERN！ with the eyes of an opossum； a common nose； healthy…looking cheeks； not very small mouth； no beard； long neck for Jack Ketch； broad shoulders； never broken down by too much work； splendid chest； long armsthe whole