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round sums。 At all times； and in all places； my own eyes are sufficient
to look to my fingers； I am not so narrowly watched by any other； neither
is there any I have more respect to。
I saw the other day； at my own house； a little fellow； a native of
Nantes； born without arms； who has so well taught his feet to perform the
services his hands should have done him； that truly these have half
forgotten their natural office； and； indeed； the fellow calls them his
hands； with them he cuts anything； charges and discharges a pistol；
threads a needle； sews； writes； puts off his hat； combs his head； plays
at cards and dice； and all this with as much dexterity as any other could
do who had more； and more proper limbs to assist him。 The money I gave
himfor he gains his living by shewing these featshe took in his foot；
as we do in our hand。 I have seen another who； being yet a boy；
flourished a two…handed sword； and； if I may so say； handled a halberd
with the mere motions of his neck and shoulders for want of hands； tossed
them into the air； and caught them again； darted a dagger； and cracked a
whip as well as any coachman in France。
But the effects of custom are much more manifest in the strange
impressions she imprints in our minds； where she meets with less
resistance。 What has she not the power to impose upon our judgments and
beliefs？ Is there any so fantastic opinion （omitting the gross
impostures of religions； with which we see so many great nations； and so
many understanding men； so strangely besotted； for this being beyond the
reach of human reason； any error is more excusable in such as are not
endued； through the divine bounty； with an extraordinary illumination
from above）； but； of other opinions； are there any so extravagant； that
she has not planted and established for laws in those parts of the world
upon which she has been pleased to exercise her power？ And therefore
that ancient exclamation was exceeding just：
〃Non pudet physicum； id est speculatorem venatoremque naturae；
ab animis consuetudine imbutis petere testimonium veritatis？〃
＇〃Is it not a shame for a natural philosopher； that is； for an
observer and hunter of nature； to seek testimony of the truth from
minds prepossessed by custom？〃Cicero； De Natura Deor。； i。 30。＇
I do believe； that no so absurd or ridiculous fancy can enter into human
imagination； that does not meet with some example of public practice； and
that； consequently； our reason does not ground and back up。 There are
people； amongst whom it is the fashion to turn their backs upon him they
salute； and never look upon the man they intend to honour。 There is a
place； where； whenever the king spits； the greatest ladies of his court
put out their hands to receive it； and another nation； where the most
eminent persons about him stoop to take up his ordure in a linen cloth。
Let us here steal room to insert a story。
A French gentleman was always wont to blow his nose with his fingers （a
thing very much against our fashion）； and he justifying himself for so
doing； and he was a man famous for pleasant repartees； he asked me； what
privilege this filthy excrement had； that we must carry about us a fine
handkerchief to receive it； and； which was more； afterwards to lap it
carefully up； and carry it all day about in our pockets； which； he said；
could not but be much more nauseous and offensive； than to see it thrown
away； as we did all other evacuations。 I found that what he said was not
altogether without reason； and by being frequently in his company； that
slovenly action of his was at last grown familiar to me； which
nevertheless we make a face at； when we hear it reported of another
country。 Miracles appear to be so； according to our ignorance of nature；
and not according to the essence of nature the continually being
accustomed to anything； blinds the eye of our judgment。 Barbarians are
no more a wonder to us； than we are to them； nor with any more reason； as
every one would confess； if after having travelled over those remote
examples； men could settle themselves to reflect upon； and rightly to
confer them； with their own。 Human reason is a tincture almost equally
infused into all our opinions and manners； of what form soever they are；
infinite in matter； infinite in diversity。 But I return to my subject。
There are peoples； where； his wife and children excepted； no one speaks
to the king but through a tube。 In one and the same nation； the virgins
discover those parts that modesty should persuade them to hide； and the
married women carefully cover and conceal them。 To which； this custom；
in another place； has some relation； where chastity； but in marriage； is
of no esteem； for unmarried women may prostitute themselves to as many as
they please； and being got with child； may lawfully take physic； in the
sight of every one； to destroy their fruit。 And； in another place； if a
tradesman marry； all of the same condition； who are invited to the
wedding； lie with the bride before him； and the greater number of them
there is； the greater is her honour； and the opinion of her ability and
strength： if an officer marry； 'tis the same； the same with a labourer；
or one of mean condition； but then it belongs to the lord of the place to
perform that office； and yet a severe loyalty during marriage is
afterward strictly enjoined。 There are places where brothels of young
men are kept for the pleasure of women； where the wives go to war as well
as the husbands； and not only share in the dangers of battle； but；
moreover； in the honours of command。 Others； where they wear rings not
only through their noses； lips； cheeks； and on their toes； but also
weighty gimmals of gold thrust through their paps and buttocks； where； in
eating； they wipe their fingers upon their thighs； genitories； and the
soles of their feet： where children are excluded； and brothers and
nephews only inherit； and elsewhere； nephews only； saving in the
succession of the prince： where； for the regulation of community in goods
and estates； observed in the country； certain sovereign magistrates have
committed to them the universal charge and overseeing of the agriculture；
and distribution of the fruits； according to the necessity of every one
where they lament the death of children； and feast at the decease of old
men： where they lie ten or twelve in a bed； men and their wives together：
where women； whose husbands come to violent ends； may marry again； and
others not： where the condition of women is looked upon with such
contempt； that they kill all the native females； and buy wives of their
neighbours to supply their use； where husbands may repudiate their wives；
without showing any cause； but wives cannot part from their husbands； for
what cause soever； where husbands may sell their wives in case of
sterility； where they boil the bodies of their dead； and afterward pound
them to a pulp； which they mix with their wine； and drink it； where the
most coveted sepulture is to be eaten by dogs； and elsewhere by birds；
where they believe the souls of the blessed live in all manner of
liberty； in delightful fields； fu