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But as the king had failed to hinder the passage of Cyrus's army at the trench； Cyrus himself and the rest concluded that he must have abandoned the idea of offering battle； so that next day Cyrus advanced with less than his former caution。 On the third day he was conducting the march； seated in his carriage； with only a small body of troops drawn up in front of him。 The mass of the army was moving on in no kind of order： the soldiers having consigned their heavy arms to be carried in the wagons or on the backs of beasts。
VIII
It was already about full market time＇1＇ and the halting…place at 1 which the army was to take up quarters was nearly reached； when Pategyas； a Persian； a trusty member of Cyrus's personal staff； came galloping up at full speed on his horse； which was bathed in sweat； and to every one he met he shouted in Greek and Persian； as fast as he could ejaculate the words： 〃The king is advancing with a large army ready for battle。〃 Then ensued a scene of wild confusion。 The Hellenes and all alike were expecting to be attacked on the instant； and before they could form their lines。 Cyrus sprang from his carriage and donned his corselet； then leaping on to his charger's back； with the javelins firmly clutched； he passed the order to the rest； to arm themselves and fall into their several ranks。
＇1＇ I。e。 between 9 and 10 A。M。
The orders were carried out with alacrity； the ranks shaped themselves。 Clearchus held the right wing resting on the Euphrates； Proxenus was next； and after him the rest； while Menon with his troops held the Hellenic left。 Of the Asiatics； a body of Paphlagonian cavalry； one thousand strong； were posted beside Clearchus on the right； and with them stood the Hellenic peltasts。 On the left was Ariaeus； Cyrus's second in command； and the rest of the barbarian host。 Cyrus was with his bodyguard of cavalry about six hundred strong； all armed with corselets like Cyrus； and cuirasses and helmets； but not so Cyrus： he went into battle with head unhelmeted＇2＇。 So too all the horses with Cyrus wore forehead…pieces and breast…pieces； and the troopers carried short Hellenic swords。
＇2＇ The MSS。 add； 〃to expose oneself to the risks of war bareheaded is； it is said； a practice common to the Persians；〃 which I regard as a commentator's note； if not an original marginal note of some early editor； possibly of the author himself。 The 〃Cyropaedeia〃 is full of such comments； 〃pieces justificatives〃 inserted into the text。
It was now mid…day； and the enemy was not yet in sight； but with the approach of afternoon was seen dust like a white cloud； and after a considerable interval a black pall as it were spread far and high above the plain。 As they came nearer； very soon was seen here and there a glint of bronze and spear…points； and the ranks could plainly be distinguished。 On the left were troopers wearing white cuirasses。 That is Tissaphernes in command； they said； and next to these a body of men bearing wicker…shields； and next again heavy…armed infantry； with long wooden shields reaching to the feet。 These were the Egyptians； they said； and then other cavalry； other bowmen； all were in national divisions； each nation marching in densely…crowded 10 squares。 And all along their front was a line of chariots at considerable intervals from one anotherthe famous scythe…chariots； as they were namedhaving their scythes fitted to the axle…trees and stretching out slantwise； while others protruded under the chariot…seats； facing the ground； so as to cut through all they encountered。 The design was to let them dash full speed into the ranks of the Hellenes and cut them through。
Curiously enough the anticipation of Cyrus； when at the council of war he admonished the Hellenes not to mind the shouting of the Asiatics； was not justified。 Instead of shouting； they came on in deep silence； softly and slowly； with even tread。 At this instant； Cyrus； riding past in person； accompanied by Pigres； his interpreter； and three or four others； called aloud to Clearchus to advance against the enemy's centre； for there the king was to be found： 〃And if we strike home at this point；〃 he added； 〃our work is finished。〃 Clearchus； though he could see the compact body at the centre； and had been told by Cyrus that the king lay outside the Hellenic left （for； owing to numerical superiority； the king； while holding his own centre； could well overlap Cyrus's extreme left）； still hesitated to draw off his right wing from the river； for fear of being turned on both flanks； and he simply replied； assuring Cyrus that he would take care all went well。
At this time the barbarian army was evenly advancing； and the Hellenic division was still riveted to the spot； completing its formation as the various contingents came up。 Cyrus； riding past at some distance from the lines； glanced his eye first in one direction and then in the other； so as to take a complete survey of friends and foes； when Xenophon the Athenian； seeing him； rode up from the Hellenic quarter to meet him； asking him whether he had any orders to give。 Cyrus； pulling up his horse； begged him to make the announcement generally known that the omens from the victims； internal and external alike； were good＇3＇。 While he was still speaking； he heard a confused murmur 16 passing through the ranks； and asked what it meant。 The other replied that it was the watchword being passed down for the second time。 Cyrus wondered who had given the order； and asked what the watchword was。 On being told it was 〃Zeus our Saviour and Victory；〃 he replied； 〃I accept it； so let it be；〃 and with that remark rode away to his own position。 And now the two battle lines were no more than three or four furlongs apart； when the Hellenes began chanting the paean； and at the same time advanced against the enemy。
＇3＇ I。e。 the omens from inspecting the innards of the victims； and the omens from the acts and movements of the victims。
But with the forward movement a certain portion of the line curved onwards in advance； with wave…like sinuosity； and the portion left behind quickened to a run； and simultaneously a thrilling cry burst from all lips； like that in honour of the war…godeleleu！ eleleu！ and the running became general。 Some say they clashed their shields and spears； thereby causing terror to the horses＇4＇； and before they had got within arrowshot the barbarians swerved and took to flight。 And now the Hellenes gave chase with might and main； checked only by shouts to one another not to race； but to keep their ranks。 The enemy's chariots； reft of their charioteers； swept onwards； some through the enemy themselves； others past the Hellenes。 They； as they saw them coming； opened a gap and let them pass。 One fellow； like some dumbfoundered mortal on a racecourse； was caught by the heels； but even he； they said； received no hurt； nor indeed； with the single exception of some one on the left wing who was said to have been wounded by an arrow； did any Hellene in this battle suffer a single hurt。
＇4＇ Some critics regard this sentence as an editor's or commentator's note。
Cyrus； seeing the Hellene's conquering； as far as they at any rate were con