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； not of gold； but of cypress wood。 Beside the temple stands a column bearing this inscription： THE PLACE IS SACRED TO ARTEMIS。 HE WHO HOLDS IT AND ENJOYS THE FRUITS OF IT IS BOUND TO SACRIFICE YEARLY A TITHE OF THE 13 PRODUCE。 AND FROM THE RESIDUE THEREOF TO KEEP IN REPAIR THE SHRINE。 IF ANY MAN FAIL IN AUGHT OF THIS THE GODDESS HERSELF WILL LOOK TO IT THAT THE MATTER SHALL NOT SLEEP。
＇5＇ Pholoe。 This mountain （north of the Alpheus） is an offshoot of Erymanthus； crossing the Pisatis from east to west； and separating the waters of the Peneus and the Ladon from those of the Alpheus 〃Dict。 Geog。〃 （Elis）。
IV
From Cerasus they continued the march； the same portion of the troops 1 being conveyed by sea as before； and the rest marching by land。 When they had reached the frontiers of the Mossynoecians＇1＇ they sent to him Timesitheus the Trapezuntine； who was the proxenos＇2＇ of the Mossynoecians； to inquire whether they were to pass through their territory as friends or foes。 They； trusting in their strongholds； replied that they would not give them passage。 It was then that Timesitheus informed them that the Mossynoecians on the farther side of the country were hostile to these members of the tribe； and it was resolved to invite the former to make an alliance； if they wished it。 So Timesitheus was sent； and came back with their chiefs。 On their arrival there was a conference of the Mossynoecian chiefs and the generals of the Hellenes； and Xenophon made a speech which Timesitheus interpreted。 He said： 〃Men of the Mossynoecians； our desire is to reach Hellas in safety； and since we have no vessels we must needs go by foot； but these people who； as we hear； are your enemies； prevent us。 Will you take us for your allies？ Now is your chance to exact vengeance for any wrong； which they at any time may have put upon you； and for the future they will be your subjects； but if you send us about our business； consider and ask yourselves from what quarter will you ever again obtain so strong a force to help you？〃 To this the chief of the Mossynoecians made answer：that the proposal was in accordance with their wishes and they welcomed the alliance。 〃Good；〃 said Xenophon； 〃but to what use do you propose to put us； if we become your allies？ And what will you in turn be able to do to assist our passage？〃 They replied： 〃We can make an incursion into this country hostile to yourselves and us； from the opposite side； and also send 10 you ships and men to this place； who will aid you in fighting and conduct you on the road。〃
＇1＇ I。e。 dwellers in mossyns； or wooden towers。 See Herod。 iii。 94； vii。 78。 Cf。 also Strabo； xi。 41。
＇2＇ Or； 〃consul。〃
On this understanding； they exchanged pledges and were gone。 The next day they returned； bringing three hundred canoes； each hollowed out of a single trunk。 There were three men in each； two of whom disembarked and fell into rank； whilst the third remained。 Then the one set took the boats and sailed back again； whilst the other two…thirds who remained marshalled themselves in the following way。 They stood in rows of about a hundred each； like the rows of dancers in a chorus； standing vis…a…vis to one another； and all bearing wicker shields； made of white oxhide； shaggy； and shaped like an ivy leaf； in the right hand they brandished a javelin about six cubits long； with a lance in front； and rounded like a ball at the butt end of the shaft。
Their bodies were clad in short frocks； scarcely reaching to the knees and in texture closely resembling that of a linen bedclothes' bag； on their heads they wore leathern helmets just like the Paphlagonian helmet； with a tuft of hair in the middle； as like a tiara in shape as possible。 They carried moreover iron battle…axes。 Then one of them gave； as it were； the key…note and started； while the rest； taking up the strain and the step； followed singing and marking time。 Passing through the various corps and heavy armed battalions of the Hellenes； they marched straight against the enemy； to what appeared the most assailable of his fortresses。 It was situated in front of the city； or mother city； as it is called； which latter contains the high citadel of the Mossynoecians。 This citadel was the real bone of contention； the occupants at any time being acknowledged as the masters of all the other Mossynoecians。 The present holders （so it was explained） had no right to its possession； for the sake of self…aggrandisement they had seized what was really common property。
Some of the Hellenes followed the attacking party； not under the orders of the generals； but for the sake of plunder。 As they advanced； the enemy for a while kept quiet； but as they got near the place； they 16 made a sortie and routed them； killing several of the barbarians as well as some of the Hellenes who had gone up with them； and so pursued them until they saw the Hellenes advancing to the rescue。 Then they turned round and made off； first cutting off the heads of the dead men and flaunting them in the face of the Hellenes and of their own private foes； dancing the while and singing in a measured strain。 But the Hellenes were much vexed to think that their foes had only been rendered bolder； while the Hellenes who had formed part of the expedition had turned tail and fled； in spite of their numbers； a thing which had not happened previously during the whole expedition。 So Xenophon called a meeting of the Hellenes and spoke as follows： 〃Soldiers； do not in any wise be cast down by what has happened； be sure that good no less than evil will be the result； for to begin with； you now know certainly that those who are going to guide us are in very deed hostile to those with whom necessity drives us to quarrel； and； in the next place； some of our own body； these Hellenes who have made so light of orderly array and conjoint action with ourselves； as though they must needs achieve in the company of barbarians all they could with ourselves； have paid the penalty and been taught a lesson； so that another time they will be less prone to leave our ranks。 But you must be prepared to show these friendly barbarians that you are of a better sort； and prove to the enemy that battle with the undisciplined is one thing； but with men like yourselves another。〃
Accordingly they halted； as they were； that day。 Next day they sacrificed and finding the victims favourable； they breakfasted； formed the companies into columns； and with their barbarians arranged in similar order on their left； began their march。 Between the companies were the archers only slightly retired behind the front of the heavy infantry； on account of the enemy's active light troops； who ran down and kept up volleys of stones。 These were held in check by the archers and peltasts； and steadily step by step the mass marched on； first to the position from which the barbarians and those with them had been driven two days back； and where the enemy were now drawn 23 up to meet them。 Thus it came to pass that the barbarians first grappled with the peltasts and maintained the battle until the heavy infantry were close； when they turned and fled。 The peltasts followed without delay； and pursued them right up to their city； wh