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13 contrary； these he punished most unflinchingly。 It was no rare sight to see on the well…trodden highways； men who had forfeited hand or foot or eye； the result being that throughout the satrapy of Cyrus any one； Hellene or barbarian； provided he were innocent； might fearlessly travel wherever he pleased； and take with him whatever he felt disposed。 However； as all allowed； it was for the brave in war that he reserved especial honour。 To take the first instance to hand； he had a war with the Pisidians and Mysians。 Being himself at the head of an expedition into those territories； he could observe those who voluntarily encountered risks； these he made rulers of the territory which he subjected； and afterwards honoured them with other gifts。 So that； if the good and brave were set on a pinnacle of fortune； cowards were recognised as their natural slaves； and so it befell that Cyrus never had lack of volunteers in any service of danger； whenever it was expected that his eye would be upon them。
So again； wherever he might discover any one ready to distinguish himself in the service of uprightness； his delight was to make this man richer than those who seek for gain by unfair means。 On the same principle； his own administration was in all respects uprightly conducted； and； in particular； he secured the services of an army worthy of the name。 Generals； and sabulterns alike； came to him from across the seas； not merely to make money； but because they saw that loyalty to Cyrus was a more profitable investment than so many pounds a month。 Let any man whatsoever render him willing service； such enthusiasm was sure to win its reward。 And so Cyrus could always command the service of the best assistants； it was said； whatever the work might be。
Or if he saw any skilful and just steward who furnished well the country over which he ruled； and created revenues； so far from robbing him at any time； to him who had； he delighted to give more。 So that toil was a pleasure； and gains were amassed with confidence； and least of all from Cyrus would a man conceal the amount of his possessions； seeing that he showed no jealousy of wealth openly avowed； but his 19 endeavour was rather to turn to account the riches of those who kept them secret。 Towards the friends he had made； whose kindliness he knew； or whose fitness as fellow…workers with himself； in aught which he might wish to carry out； he had tested； he showed himself in turn an adept in the arts of courtesy。 Just in proportion as he felt the need of this friend or that to help him； so he tried to help each of them in return in whatever seemed to be their heart's desire。
Many were the gifts bestowed on him； for many and diverse reasons； no one man； perhaps； ever received more； no one； certainly； was ever more ready to bestow them upon others； with an eye ever to the taste of each； so as to gratify what he saw to be the individual requirement。 Many of these presents were sent to him to serve as personal adornments of the body or for battle； and as touching these he would say； 〃How am I to deck myself out in all these？ to my mind a man's chief ornament is the adornment of nobly…adorned friends。〃 Indeed； that he should triumph over his friends in the great matters of welldoing is not surprising； seeing that he was much more powerful than they； but that he should go beyond them in minute attentions； and in an eager desire to give pleasure； seems to me； I must confess； more admirable。 Frequently when he had tasted some specially excellent wine； he would send the half remaining flagon to some friend with a message to say： 〃Cyrus says； this is the best wine he has tasted for a long time； that is his excuse for sending it to you。 He hopes you will drink it up to…day with a choice party of friends。〃 Or； perhaps； he would send the remainder of a dish of geese； half loaves of bread； and so forth； the bearer being instructed to say： 〃This is Cyrus's favourite dish； he hopes you will taste it yourself。〃 Or； perhaps； there was a great dearth of provender； when； through the number of his servants and his own careful forethought； he was enabled to get supplies for himsefl； at such times he would send to his friends in different parts； bidding them feed their horses on his hay； since it would not do for the horses that carried his friends to go starving。 Then； on any long march or expedition； where the crowd of lookers…on 28 would be large； he would call his friends to him and entertain them with serious talk； as much as to say； 〃These I delight to honour。〃
So that； for myself； and from all that I can hear； I should be disposed to say that no one； Greek or barbarian； was ever so beloved。 In proof of this； I may cite the fact that； though Cyrus was the king's vassal and slave； no one ever forsook him to join his master； if I may except the attempt of Orontas； which was abortive。 That man； indeed； had to learn that Cyrus was closer to the heart of him on whose fidelity he relied than he himself was。 On the other hand； many a man revolted from the king to Cyrus； after they went to war with one another； nor were these nobodies； but rather persons high in the king's affection； yet for all that； they believed that their virtues would obtain a reward more adequate from Cyrus than from the king。 Another great proof at once of his own worth and of his capacity rightly to discern all loyal； loving and firm friendship is afforded by an incident which belongs to the last moment of his life。 He was slain； but fighting for his life beside him fell also every one of his faithful bodyguard of friends and table…companions； with the sole exception of Ariaeus； who was in command of the cavalry on the left； and he no sooner perceived the fall of Cyrus than he betook himself to flight； with the whole body of troops under his lead。
X
Then the head of Cyrus and his right hand were severed from the body。 1 But the king and those about him pursued and fell upon the Cyreian camp； and the troops of Ariaeus no longer stood their ground； but fled through their own camp back to the halting…place of the night beforea distance of four parasangs； it was said。 So the king and those with him fell to ravaging right and left； and amongst other spoil he captured the Phocaean woman； who was a concubine of Cyrus； witty and beautiful； if fame speaks correctly。 The Milesian； who was the younger； was also seized by some of the king's men； but； letting go her outer garment； she made good her escape to the Hellenes； who had been left among the camp followers on guard。 These fell at once 3 into line and put to the sword many of the pillagers； though they lost some men themselves； they stuck to the place and succeeded in saving not only that lady； but all else； whether chattels or human beings； wich lay within their reach。
At this point the king and the Hellenes were something like three miles apart； the one set were pursuing their opponents just as if their conquest had been general； the others were pillaging as merrily as if their victory were already universal。 But when the Hellenes learnt that the king and his troops were in the baggage camp； and the king； on his side； was informed by Tissaphernes that the Helle