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cut it off。 Those popes who have provided the modern city so plentifully with excellent water； are much to be commended for the care and expence； they have bestowed in restoring the streams called acqua Virgine； acqua Felice； and acqua Paolina； which afford such abundance of water as would plentifully supply a much larger city than modern Rome。
It is no wonder that M。 Agrippa； the son…in…law； friend； and favourite of Augustus； should at the same time have been the idol of the people； considering how surprisingly he exerted himself for the emolument； convenience； and pleasure of his fellow…citizens。 It was he who first conducted this acqua Virgine to Rome： he formed seven hundred reservoirs in the city； erected one hundred and five fountains； one hundred and thirty castella； or conduits； which works he adorned with three hundred statues； and four hundred pillars of marble； in the space of one year。 He also brought into Rome； the aqua Julia； and restored the aqueduct of the aqua Marzia； which had fallen to decay。 I have already observed the great number of baths which he opened for the people； and the magnificent thermae； with spacious gardens； which he bequeathed to them as a legacy。 But these benefactions； great and munificent as they seem to be； were not the most important services he performed for the city of Rome。 The common…sewers were first made by order of Tarquinius Priscus； not so much with a view to cleanliness； as by way of subterranean drains to the Velabrum； and in order to carry off the stagnant water； which remained in the lower parts； after heavy rains。 The different branches of these channels united at the Forum； from whence by the cloaca Maxima； their contents were conveyed into the Tyber。 This great cloaca was the work of Tarquinius Superbus。 Other sewers were added by Marcus Cato； and Valerius Flaccus； the censors。 All these drains having been choaked up and ruinous； were cleared and restored by Marcus Agrippa； who likewise undermined the whole city with canals of the same kind； for carrying of the filth； he strengthened and enlarged the cloaca maxima； so as to make it capable of receiving a large cart loaded with hay； and directed seven streams of water into these subterranean passages； in order to keep them always clean and open。 If； notwithstanding all these conveniences； Vespasian was put to great expence in removing the ordure from the public streets； we have certainly a right to conclude that the antient Romans were not more cleanly than the modern Italians。
After the mausolea of Augustus； and Adrian； which I have already mentioned； the most remarkable antient sepulchres at Rome； are those of Caius Cestius； and Cecilia Metella。 The first； which stands by the Porta di S。 Paolo； is a beautiful pyramid； one hundred and twenty feet high； still preserved intire； having a vaulted chamber within…side； adorned with some ancient painting； which is now almost effaced。 The building is of brick； but eased with marble。 This Caius Cestius had been consul； was very rich； and acted as one of the seven Epulones； who superintended the feasts of the gods； called Lectisternia； and Pervigilia。 He bequeathed his whole fortune to his friend M。 Agrippa； who was so generous as to give it up to the relations of the testator。 The monument of Cecilia Metella； commonly called Capo di Bove； is without the walls on the Via Appia。 This lady was daughter of Metellus Creticus； and wife to Crassus； who erected this noble monument to her memory。 It consisted of two orders； or stories； the first of which was a square of hewn stone： the second was a circular tower； having a cornice； adorned with ox heads in basso relievo； a circumstance from which it takes the name of Capo di Bove。 The ox was supposed to be a most grateful sacrifice to the gods。 Pliny； speaking of bulls and oxen； says；
Hinc victimae optimae et laudatissima deorum placatio。
They were accounted the best Victims and most agreeable to appease the anger of the Gods。
This tower was surmounted by a noble cupola or dome； enriched with all the ornaments of architecture。 The door of the building was of brass； and within…side the ashes of Cecilia were deposited in a fluted marble urn； of curious workmanship； which is still kept in the Palazzo Farnese。 At present the surface of the ground is raised so much as to cover the first order of the edifice： what we see is no more than the round tower； without the dome and its ornaments； and the following inscription still remains near the top； facing the Via Appia。
CAECILLAE Q。 CRETICI F。 METELLAE CRASSI。
To Caecilia Metella； Daughter of Q。 Criticus： wife of Crassus。
Now we are talking of sepulchral inscriptions； I shall conclude this letter with the copy of a very singular will； made by Favonius Jocundus； who died in Portugal； by which will the precise situation of the famous temple of Sylvanus is ascertained。
〃Jocundi。 Ego gallus Favonius Jocundus P。 Favoni F。 qui bello contra Viriatum Succubui； Jocundum et Prudentem filios； e me et Quintia Fabia conjuge mea ortos； et Bonorum Jocundi Patris mei； et eorum； quae mihi ipsi acquisivi haeredes relinquo； hac tamen conditione； ut ab urbe Romana huc veniant； et ossa hic mea； intra quinquennium exportent； et via latina condant in sepulchro； jussu meo condito； et mea voluntate； in quo velim neminem mecum； neque servum； neque libertum inseri； et velim ossa quorumcunque sepulchro statim meo eruantur； et jura Romanorum serventur； in sepulchris ritu majorum retinendis； juxta volantatem testatoris； et si secus fecerint； nisi legittimae oriantur causae； velim ea omnia； quae filijs meis relinquo； pro reparando templo dei Sylvani； quod sub viminali monte est； attribui； manesque mei a Pont。 max； a flaminibus dialibus； qui in capitolio sunt； opem implorent； ad liberorum meorum impietatem ulciscendam； teneanturque sacerdotes dei Silvani； me in urbem referre； et sepulchro me meo condere。 Volo quoque vernas qui domi meae sunt； omnes a praetore urbano liberos； cum matribus dimitti； singulisque libram argenti puri； et vestem unam dori。 In Lusitania。 In agro VIII。 Cal Quintilis； bello viriatino。〃
I； Gallus Favonius Jocundus； son of P。 Favonius； dying in the war against Viriatus； declare my sons Jocundus and Prudens； by my wife Quintia Fabia； joint Heirs of my Estate； real and personal； on condition； however； that they come hither within a time of five years from this my last will； and transport my remains to Rome to be deposited in my Sepulchre built in the via latina by my own order and Direction： and it is my will that neither slave nor freedman shall be interred with me in the said tomb； that if any such there be； they shall be removed； and the Roman law obeyed； in preserving in the antient Form the sepulchre according to the will of the Testator。 If they act otherwise without just cause； it is my will that the whole estate； which I now bequeathe to my children； shall be applied to the Reparation of the Temple of the God Sylvanus； at the foot of Mount Viminalis； and that my Manes ＇The Manes were an order of Gods supposed to take cognisance of such injuries。＇ I shall implore the ass