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the spirit of place and other essays-第6章

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of the summer that has ceased to change visibly。  The poetry of mere

day and of late summer becomes perceptible to mature eyes that have

long ceased to be sated; have taken leave of weariness; and cannot

now find anything in nature too familiar; eyes which have; indeed;

lost sight of the further awe of midsummer daybreak; and no longer

see so much of the past in April twilight as they saw when they had

no past; but which look freshly at the dailiness of green summer; of

early afternoon; of every sky of any form that comes to pass; and of

the darkened elms。



Not unbeloved is this serious tree; the elm; with its leaf sitting

close; unthrilled。  Its stature gives it a dark gold head when it

looks alone to a late sun。  But if one could go by all the woods;

across all the old forests that are now meadowlands set with trees;

and could walk a county gathering trees of a single kind in the

mind; as one walks a garden collecting flowers of a single kind in

the hand; would not the harvest be a harvest of poplars?  A

veritable passion for poplars is a most intelligible passion。  The

eyes do gather them; far and near; on a whole day's journey。  Not

one is unperceived; even though great timber should be passed; and

hill…sides dense and deep with trees。  The fancy makes a poplar day

of it。  Immediately the country looks alive with signals; for the

poplars everywhere reply to the glance。  The woods may be all

various; but the poplars are separate。



All their many kinds (and aspens; their kin; must be counted with

them) shake themselves perpetually free of the motionless forest。

It is easy to gather them。  Glances sent into the far distance pay

them a flash of recognition of their gentle flashes; and as you

journey you are suddenly aware of them close by。  Light and the

breezes are as quick as the eyes of a poplar…lover to find the

willing tree that dances to be seen。



No lurking for them; no reluctance。  One could never make for

oneself an oak day so well。  The oaks would wait to be found; and

many would be missed from the gathering。  But the poplars are alert

enough for a traveller by express; they have an alarum aloft; and do

not sleep。  From within some little grove of other trees a single

poplar makes a slight sign; or a long row of poplars suddenly sweep

the wind。  They are salient everywhere; and full of replies。  They

are as fresh as streams。



It is difficult to realize a drought where there are many poplars。

And yet their green is not rich; the coolest have a colour much

mingled with a cloud…grey。  It does but need fresh and simple eyes

to recognize their unfaded life。  When the other trees grow dark and

keep still; the poplar and the aspen do not darkenor hardlyand

the deepest summer will not find a day in which they do not keep

awake。  No waters are so vigilant; even where a lake is bare to the

wind。



When Keats said of his Dian that she fastened up her hair 〃with

fingers cool as aspen leaves;〃 he knew the coolest thing in the

world。  It is a coolness of colour; as well as of a leaf which the

breeze takes on both sidesthe greenish and the greyish。  The

poplar green has no glows; no gold; it is an austere colour; as

little rich as the colour of willows; and less silvery than theirs。

The sun can hardly gild it; but he can shine between。  Poplars and

aspens let the sun through with the wind。  You may have the sky

sprinkled through them in high midsummer; when all the woods are

close。



Sending your fancy poplar…gathering; then; you ensnare wild trees;

beating with life。  No fisher's net ever took such glancing fishes;

nor did the net of a constellation's shape ever enclose more

vibrating Pleiades。







WELLS







The world at present is inclined to make sorry mysteries or

unattractive secrets of the methods and supplies of the fresh and

perennial means of life。  A very dull secret is made of water; for

example; and the plumber sets his seal upon the floods whereby we

live。  They are covered; they are carried; they are hushed; from the

spring to the tap; and when their voices are released at last in the

London scullery; why; it can hardly be said that the song is

eloquent of the natural source of waters; whether earthly or

heavenly。  There is not one of the circumstances of this capture of

streamsthe company; the water…rate; and the restthat is not a

sign of the ill…luck of modern devices in regard to style。  For

style implies a candour and simplicity of means; an action; a

gesture; as it were; in the doing of small things; it is the

ignorance of secret ways; whereas the finish of modern life and its

neatness seem to be secured by a system of little shufflings and

surprises。



Dress; among other things; is furnished throughout with such

fittings; they form its very construction。  Style does not exist in

modern arrayings; for all their prettiness and precision; and for

all the successeswhich are not to be deniedof their outer part;

the happy little swagger that simulates style is but another sign of

its absence; being prepared by mere dodges and dexterities beneath;

and the triumph and success of the present art of raiment〃fit〃

itselfis but the result of a masked and lurking labour and device。



The masters of fine manners; moreover; seem to be always aware of

the beauty that comes of pausing slightly upon the smaller and

slighter actions; such as meaner men are apt to hurry out of the

way。  In a word; the workman; with his finish and accomplishment; is

the dexterous provider of contemporary things; and the ready; well…

appointed; and decorated life of all towns is now altogether in his

hands; whereas the artist craftsman of other times made a

manifestation of his means。  The first hides the streams; under

stress and pressure; in paltry pipes which we all must make haste to

call upon the earth to cover; and the second lifted up the arches of

the aqueduct。



The search of easy ways to live is not always or everywhere the way

to ugliness; but in some countries; at some dates; it is the sure

way。  In all countries; and at all dates; extreme finish compassed

by hidden means must needs; from the beginning; prepare the

abolition of dignity。  This is easy to understand; but it is less

easy to explain the ill…fortune that presses upon the expert

workman; in search of easy ways to live; all the ill…favoured

materials; makes them cheap for him; makes them serviceable and

effectual; urges him to use them; seal them; and inter them; turning

the trim and dull completeness out to the view of the daily world。

It is an added mischance。  Nor; on the other hand; is it easy to

explain the beautiful good luck attending the simpler devices which

are; after all; only less expert ways of labour。  In those happy

conditions; neither from the material; suggesting to the workman;

nor from the workman looking askance at his unhandsome material;

comes a first proposal to pour in cement and make fast the
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