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against apion-第29章
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but this; that by their actions and their sufferings they may be able to conquer all those against whom they make war。 I need not add this; that they have not been fully able to observe their laws; for not only a few single persons; but multitudes of them; have in heaps neglected those laws; and have delivered themselves; together with their arms; into the hands of their enemies。 33。 Now as for ourselves; I venture to say that no one can tell of so many; nay; not of more than one or two that have betrayed our laws; no; not out of fear of death itself; I do not mean such an easy death as happens in battles; but that which comes with bodily torments; and seems to be the severest kind of death of all others。 Now I think those that have conquered us have put us to such deaths; not out of their hatred to us when they had subdued us; but rather out of their desire of seeing a surprising sight; which is this; whether there be such men in the world who believe that no evil is to them so great as to be compelled to do or to speak any thing contrary to their own laws。 Nor ought men to wonder at us; if we are more courageous in dying for our laws than all other men are; for other men do not easily submit to the easier things in which we are instituted; I mean working with our hands; and eating but little; and being contented to eat and drink; not at random; or at every one's pleasure; or being under inviolable rules in lying with our wives; in magnificent furniture; and again in the observation of our times of rest; while those that can use their swords in war; and can put their enemies to flight when they attack them; cannot bear to submit to such laws about their way of living: whereas our being accustomed willingly to submit to laws in these instances; renders us fit to show our fortitude upon other occasions also。 34。 Yet do the Lysimachi and the Molones; and some other writers; (unskillful sophists as they are; and the deceivers of young men;) reproach us as the vilest of all mankind。 Now I have no mind to make an inquiry into the laws of other nations; for the custom of our country is to keep our own laws; but not to bring accusations against the laws of others。 And indeed our legislator hath expressly forbidden us to laugh at and revile those that are esteemed gods by other people? on account of the very name of God ascribed to them。 But since our antagonists think to run us down upon the comparison of their religion and ours; it is not possible to keep silence here; especially while what I shall say to confute these men will not be now first said; but hath been already said by many; and these of the highest reputation also; for who is there among those that have been admired among the Greeks for wisdom; who hath not greatly blamed both the most famous poets; and most celebrated legislators; for spreading such notions originally among the body of the people concerning the gods? such as these; that they may be allowed to be as numerous as they have a mind to have them; that they are begotten one by another; and that after all the kinds of generation you can imagine。 They also distinguish them in their places and ways of living as they would distinguish several sorts of animals; as some to be under the earth; as some to be in the sea; and the ancientest of them all to be bound in hell; and for those to whom they have allotted heaven; they have set over them one; who in title is their father; but in his actions a tyrant and a lord; whence it came to pass that his wife; and brother; and daughter (which daughter he brought forth from his own head) made a conspiracy against him to seize upon him and confine hint; as he had himself seized upon and confined his own father before。 35。 And justly have the wisest men thought these notions deserved severe rebukes; they also laugh at them for determining that we ought to believe some of the gods to be beardless and young; and others of them to be old; and to have beards accordingly; that some are set to trades; that one god is a smith; and another goddess is a weaver; that one god is a warrior; and fights with men; that some of them are harpers; or delight in archery; and besides; that mutual seditions arise among them; and that they quarrel about men; and this so far; that they not only lay hands upon one another; but that they are wounded by men; and lament; and take on for such their afflictions。 But what is the grossest of all in point of lasciviousness; are those unbounded lusts ascribed to almost all of them; and their amours; which how can it be other than a most absurd supposal; especially when it reaches to the male gods; and to the female goddesses also? Moreover; the chief of all their gods; and their first father himself; overlooks those goddesses whom he hath deluded and begotten with child; and suffers them to be kept in prison; or drowned in the sea。 He is also so bound up by fate; that he cannot save his own offspring; nor can he bear their deaths without shedding of tears。 These are fine things indeed! as are the rest that follow。 Adulteries truly are so impudently looked on in heaven by the gods; that some of them have confessed they envied those that were found in the very act。 And why should they not do so; when the eldest of them; who is their king also; hath not been able to restrain himself in the violence of his lust; from lying with his wife; so long as they might get into their bedchamber? Now some of the gods are servants to men; and will sometimes be builders for a reward; and sometimes will be shepherds; while others of them; like malefactors; are bound in a prison of brass。 And what sober person is there who would not be provoked at such stories; and rebuke those that forged them; and condemn the great silliness of those that admit them for true? Nay; others there are that have advanced a certain timorousness and fear; as also madness and fraud; and any other of the vilest passions; into the nature and form of gods; and have persuaded whole cities to offer sacrifices to the better sort of them; on which account they have been absolutely forced to esteem some gods as the givers of good things; and to call others of them averters of evil。 They also endeavor to move them; as they would the vilest of men; by gifts and presents; as looking for nothing else than to receive some great mischief from them; unless they pay them such wages。 36。 Wherefore it deserves our inquiry what should be the occasion of this unjust management; and of these scandals about the Deity。 And truly I suppose it to be derived from the imperfect knowledge the heathen legislators had at first of the true nature of God; nor did they explain to the people even so far as they did comprehend of it: nor did they compose the other parts of their political settlements according to it; but omitted it as a thing of very little consequence; and gave leave both to the poets to introduce what gods they pleased; and those subject to all sorts of passions; and to
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