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against apion-第29章

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  but this; that by their actions and their sufferings they may be   able to conquer all those against whom they make war。 I   need not add this; that they have not been fully able to   observe their laws; for not only a few single persons; but   multitudes of them; have in heaps neglected those laws; and   have delivered themselves; together with their arms; into the   hands of their enemies。      33。 Now as for ourselves; I venture to say that no one can tell   of so many; nay; not of more than one or two that have   betrayed our laws; no; not out of fear of death itself; I do not   mean such an easy death as happens in battles; but that   which comes with bodily torments; and seems to be the   severest kind of death of all others。 Now I think those that   have conquered us have put us to such deaths; not out of   their hatred to us when they had subdued us; but rather out   of their desire of seeing a surprising sight; which is this;   whether there be such men in the world who believe that no   evil is to them so great as to be compelled to do or to speak   any thing contrary to their own laws。 Nor ought men to   wonder at us; if we are more courageous in dying for our   laws than all other men are; for other men do not easily   submit to the easier things in which we are instituted; I mean   working with our hands; and eating but little; and being   contented to eat and drink; not at random; or at every one's   pleasure; or being under inviolable rules in lying with our   wives; in magnificent furniture; and again in the observation   of our times of rest; while those that can use their swords in   war; and can put their enemies to flight when they attack   them; cannot bear to submit to such laws about their way of   living: whereas our being accustomed willingly to submit to   laws in these instances; renders us fit to show our fortitude   upon other occasions also。      34。 Yet do the Lysimachi and the Molones; and some other   writers; (unskillful sophists as they are; and the deceivers of   young men;) reproach us as the vilest of all mankind。 Now I   have no mind to make an inquiry into the laws of other   nations; for the custom of our country is to keep our own   laws; but not to bring accusations against the laws of others。   And indeed our legislator hath expressly forbidden us to   laugh at and revile those that are esteemed gods by other   people? on account of the very name of God ascribed to   them。 But since our antagonists think to run us down upon   the comparison of their religion and ours; it is not possible to   keep silence here; especially while what I shall say to confute   these men will not be now first said; but hath been already   said by many; and these of the highest reputation also; for   who is there among those that have been admired among the   Greeks for wisdom; who hath not greatly blamed both the   most famous poets; and most celebrated legislators; for   spreading such notions originally among the body of the   people concerning the gods? such as these; that they may be   allowed to be as numerous as they have a mind to have them;   that they are begotten one by another; and that after all the   kinds of generation you can imagine。 They also distinguish   them in their places and ways of living as they would   distinguish several sorts of animals; as some to be under the   earth; as some to be in the sea; and the ancientest of them   all to be bound in hell; and for those to whom they have   allotted heaven; they have set over them one; who in title is   their father; but in his actions a tyrant and a lord; whence it   came to pass that his wife; and brother; and daughter (which   daughter he brought forth from his own head) made a   conspiracy against him to seize upon him and confine hint; as   he had himself seized upon and confined his own father   before。      35。 And justly have the wisest men thought these notions   deserved severe rebukes; they also laugh at them for   determining that we ought to believe some of the gods to be   beardless and young; and others of them to be old; and to   have beards accordingly; that some are set to trades; that one   god is a smith; and another goddess is a weaver; that one god   is a warrior; and fights with men; that some of them are   harpers; or delight in archery; and besides; that mutual   seditions arise among them; and that they quarrel about men;   and this so far; that they not only lay hands upon one   another; but that they are wounded by men; and lament; and   take on for such their afflictions。 But what is the grossest of   all in point of lasciviousness; are those unbounded lusts   ascribed to almost all of them; and their amours; which how   can it be other than a most absurd supposal; especially when   it reaches to the male gods; and to the female goddesses   also? Moreover; the chief of all their gods; and their first   father himself; overlooks those goddesses whom he hath   deluded and begotten with child; and suffers them to be kept   in prison; or drowned in the sea。 He is also so bound up by   fate; that he cannot save his own offspring; nor can he bear   their deaths without shedding of tears。 These are fine things   indeed! as are the rest that follow。 Adulteries truly are so   impudently looked on in heaven by the gods; that some of   them have confessed they envied those that were found in the   very act。 And why should they not do so; when the eldest of   them; who is their king also; hath not been able to restrain   himself in the violence of his lust; from lying with his wife; so   long as they might get into their bedchamber? Now some of   the gods are servants to men; and will sometimes be builders   for a reward; and sometimes will be shepherds; while others   of them; like malefactors; are bound in a prison of brass。 And   what sober person is there who would not be provoked at   such stories; and rebuke those that forged them; and   condemn the great silliness of those that admit them for   true? Nay; others there are that have advanced a certain   timorousness and fear; as also madness and fraud; and any   other of the vilest passions; into the nature and form of gods;   and have persuaded whole cities to offer sacrifices to the   better sort of them; on which account they have been   absolutely forced to esteem some gods as the givers of good   things; and to call others of them averters of evil。 They also   endeavor to move them; as they would the vilest of men; by   gifts and presents; as looking for nothing else than to receive   some great mischief from them; unless they pay them such   wages。      36。 Wherefore it deserves our inquiry what should be the   occasion of this unjust management; and of these scandals   about the Deity。 And truly I suppose it to be derived from   the imperfect knowledge the heathen legislators had at first   of the true nature of God; nor did they explain to the people   even so far as they did comprehend of it: nor did they   compose the other parts of their political settlements   according to it; but omitted it as a thing of very little   consequence; and gave leave both to the poets to introduce   what gods they pleased; and those subject to all sorts of   passions; and to
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