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distance from terrific popular explosions； coolly judging the passion and ferment without which the great struggles of the world could not be carried on at all。 And if this is true of the Historical Comedy of the Centuries； it is equally true in a more restricted sphere in the detached scenes of the national drama known as the Manners of the Age。
At the beginning of that ephemeral life led by the Faubourg Saint…Germain under the Restoration； to which； if there is any truth in the above reflections； they failed to give stability； the most perfect type of the aristocratic caste in its weakness and strength； its greatness and littleness； might have been found for a brief space in a young married woman who belonged to it。 This was a woman artificially educated； but in reality ignorant； a woman whose instincts and feelings were lofty while the thought which should have controlled them was wanting。 She squandered the wealth of her nature in obedience to social conventions； she was ready to brave society； yet she hesitated till her scruples degenerated into artifice。 With more wilfulness than real force of character； impressionable rather than enthusiastic； gifted with more brain than heart； she was supremely a woman； supremely a coquette； and above all things a Parisienne； loving a brilliant life and gaiety； reflecting never； or too late； imprudent to the verge of poetry； and humble in the depths of her heart； in spite of her charming insolence。 Like some straight…growing reed； she made a show of independence； yet； like the reed； she was ready to bend to a strong hand。 She talked much of religion； and had it not at heart； though she was prepared to find in it a solution of her life。 How explain a creature so complex？ Capable of heroism； yet sinking unconsciously from heroic heights to utter a spiteful word； young and sweet…natured； not so much old at heart as aged by the maxims of those about her； versed in a selfish philosophy in which she was all unpractised； she had all the vices of a courtier； all the nobleness of developing womanhood。 She trusted nothing and no one； yet there were times when she quitted her sceptical attitude for a submissive credulity。
How should any portrait be anything but incomplete of her； in whom the play of swiftly…changing colour made discord only to produce a poetic confusion？ For in her there shone a divine brightness； a radiance of youth that blended all her bewildering characteristics in a certain completeness and unity informed by her charm。 Nothing was feigned。 The passion or semi…passion； the ineffectual high aspirations； the actual pettiness； the coolness of sentiment and warmth of impulse； were all spontaneous and unaffected； and as much the outcome of her own position as of the position of the aristocracy to which she belonged。 She was wholly self…contained； she put herself proudly above the world and beneath the shelter of her name。 There was something of the egoism of Medea in her life； as in the life of the aristocracy that lay a…dying； and would not so much as raise itself or stretch out a hand to any political physician； so well aware of its feebleness； or so conscious that it was already dust； that it refused to touch or be touched。
The Duchesse de Langeais （for that was her name） had been married for about four years when the Restoration was finally consummated； which is to say； in 1816。 By that time the revolution of the Hundred Days had let in the light on the mind of Louis XVIII。 In spite of his surroundings； he comprehended the situation and the age in which he was living； and it was only later； when this Louis XI； without the axe； lay stricken down by disease； that those about him got the upper hand。 The Duchesse de Langeais； a Navarreins by birth； came of a ducal house which had made a point of never marrying below its rank since the reign of Louis XIV。 Every daughter of the house must sooner or later take a tabouret at Court。 So； Antoinette de Navarreins； at the age of eighteen； came out of the profound solitude in which her girlhood had been spent to marry the Duc de Langeais's eldest son。 The two families at that time were living quite out of the world； but after the invasion of France； the return of the Bourbons seemed to every Royalist mind the only possible way of putting an end to the miseries of the war。
The Ducs de Navarreins and de Langeais had been faithful throughout to the exiled Princes； nobly resisting all the temptations of glory under the Empire。 Under the circumstances they naturally followed out the old family policy； and Mlle Antoinette； a beautiful and portionless girl； was married to M。 le Marquis de Langeais only a few months before the death of the Duke his father。
After the return of the Bourbons； the families resumed their rank； offices； and dignity at Court； once more they entered public life； from which hitherto they held aloof； and took their place high on the sunlit summits of the new political world。 In that time of general baseness and sham political conversions； the public conscience was glad to recognise the unstained loyalty of the two houses； and a consistency in political and private life for which all parties involuntarily respected them。 But； unfortunately； as so often happens in a time of transition； the most disinterested persons； the men whose loftiness of view and wise principles would have gained the confidence of the French nation and led them to believe in the generosity of a novel and spirited policythese men； to repeat； were taken out of affairs； and public business was allowed to fall into the hands of others； who found it to their interest to push principles to their extreme consequences by way of proving their devotion。
The families of Langeais and Navarreins remained about the Court； condemned to perform the duties required by Court ceremonial amid the reproaches and sneers of the Liberal party。 They were accused of gorging themselves with riches and honours； and all the while their family estates were no larger than before； and liberal allowances from the civil list were wholly expended in keeping up the state necessary for any European government； even if it be a Republic。
In 1818； M。 le Duc de Langeais commanded a division of the army； and the Duchess held a post about one of the Princesses； in virtue of which she was free to live in Paris and apart from her husband without scandal。 The Duke； moreover； besides his military duties； had a place at Court； to which he came during his term of waiting； leaving his major…general in command。 The Duke and Duchess were leading lives entirely apart； the world none the wiser。 Their marriage of convention shared the fate of nearly all family arrangements of the kind。 Two more antipathetic dispositions could not well have been found； they were brought together； they jarred upon each other； there was soreness on either side； then they were divided once for all。 Then they went their separate ways； with a due regard for appearances。 The Duc de Langeais； by nature as methodical as the Chevalier de Folard himself； gave himself up methodically to his own tastes and amusements； and left his wife at liberty to do as she pleased so soon as he felt sur