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【译文】 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
【析句】 本句的it是形式主语，真正的主语为两个that引导的从句，即that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，以及that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds。另外应该知道在第二个从句中，this指代前面的efficiency。
【讲词】 to be bound up with意为“与……联系在一起”或“与……相关”。The destiny of Hong Kong is bound up with the economic progress in the mainland。（香港的命运与大陆的经济增长息息相关。）Rockwell has realized that the thriving of the corporation and the local image in China are closely bound up with the knowledge and the skill of the personnel。（罗克维尔公司已经认识到，公司的发展及在中国的形象与其人员的知识和技能密不可分。）
28。 Owing to the remarkable development in massmunications；people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas；while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above。
【译文】 大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
【析句】 Owing to the remarkable development in massmunications作全句的原因状语，本句的主干为people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas。while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above是一个时间状语，其中过去分词结构given above作后置定语，修饰the reasons。
【讲词】 expose意为“揭露；曝光；暴露于；接触到”。The report exposed the secret operation which had been carried by the government。（这篇报导揭露了政府一直在从事的秘密行动。）Our troops were exposed to the enemy fire。（我们的部队暴露于敌人的火力之下。）You should expose yourself to English if you want to learn it well。（如果你想学好英语，就应该多接触英语。）
29。 In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century；whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so。
【译文】 在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
【析句】 本句的主干为the process of industrialization… was spread over nearly a century。in the early industrialized countries of Europe作全句的状语，with all the farreaching changes in social patterns that followed是插入成分。注意连接词whereas引导的是一个表示对比的从句。
【讲词】 翻译此句时，应该注意术语的翻译，因此industrialized country应该译成“工业化国家”，the process of industrialization译成“工业化进程”， developing nation（country）译成“发展中国家”。
undergo意为“经历；遭受；忍受”。You can hardly imagine the sufferings she has been undergoing。（你简直无法想象她经历了多少磨难。）The old man lived for five years after he underwent a heart transplant。（老人在经历了一次换心手术后活了5年。）
30。 Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport。
【译文】 由于人口激增，加上大规模的人口迁移所产生的问题（如今，现代交通工具使人口迁移变得相对容易）也会造成额外的社会压力。
【析句】 本句的主干为Additional social stresses may also occur。because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements是表示原因的状语。themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport在句中是附加成分，说明mass migration movements，完整的说法应该是that （which） are made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport。
【讲词】 stress作名词时常见的词义是“压力；强调”。Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to manage it and how to use it to help us。（我们的目标不是消除压力，而是要学会控制压力，如何使用它以帮助自己。）Zhang Xuecheng was noted for his stress on the importance of local history of the empire of China。（章学诚一贯强调研究中华帝国的地方史意义重大。）
正文1999 Passage 1
1999 Passage 1
1。 Luckily；if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster；a successful lawsuit might pensate you for your troubles。 Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s；when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers' misfortunes。
【译文】 幸运的是，假如门垫或炉灶没有警示你可能会发生的危害，你或许可以对自己所遇到的麻烦索赔并获补偿。或者说人们是这么想的，因为自80年代初以来，陪审团越发认为公司应对其顾客所遭受的不幸负责。
【析句】 句子本身并不复杂，两个句子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中，if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在第二个句子中，or so the thinking has gone是一个倒装结构，正常的语序应该是or the thinking has gone so（或者说人们是这么想的）。
【讲词】 liable意为“有责任的；有义务的”。I am not liable for other people’s debts。（我对其他人的债务不负责任。）He is liable to e today。（他今天很可能要来。）be liable for sth意为“应对……负责”；to hold sb liable for sth意为“某人应对某事负责”，类似的表达还有to hold sb accountable for sth或to hold sb responsible for sth。I will hold you liable for any damage。（如有损坏，我拿你是问。）
2。 While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions；for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations；it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured。
【译文】 虽然警示语常常是合理而必要的，如提示注意药物的副作用，并且很多是按照州或联邦法规的要求而添加的，但是当一名消费者受伤时，警示语是否真能免除制造商和销售商的责任，这还不清楚。
【析句】 在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指 many warnings。
【讲词】 liability有“责任”的意思，在此句中protect… from liability意为“保护……使免责”。该词也可表示“不利的条件”。hold no liability for sth。表示“对……不负责任”。Bad pronunciation is a liability in being a narrator。（不良的发音是做解说员的不利条件。）liability disclaimer意为“免责声明”。
3。 As personal injury claims continue as before；some courts are beginning to side with defendants；especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything。
【译文】 尽管个人伤害的索赔一如既往地继续着，但有些法庭开始支持被告一方，特别是在处理那些有警示语也无济于事的案件时。
【析句】 在这个主从复合句中，as引导一个伴随状语从句，主句是some courts are beginning to side with defendants。especially in cases是