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5425-考研英语难句突破300句-第29章

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t makes it the envy of many other Third World countries。(马丁尼说这一数字也许从90年代以来进一步下降,这一成就使得它(巴西)成为许多其他第三世界国家羡慕的对象。)    
      14。 The ing of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the maledominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs。    
      【译文】 战后婴儿潮(出生高峰期)的到来及妇女进入男性主宰的就业市场,限制了青少年的发展机遇,他们已经开始质疑在进好学校、找好工作,攀登日本等级森严的社会阶梯的过程中所付出的巨大的个人牺牲是否值得。    
      【析句】 本句的主语是The ing… and an entry,谓语是have limited,宾语是 the opportunities of teen…agers,而who are… schools and jobs是宾语的定语从句,该从句中involved in… schools and jobs又是personal sacrifices的补语。    
      【讲词】 dominate意为“控制,占优势”。Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them。(成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才做反应。) Ambition dominated his life。(他的生活受野心驱使。)    
      questioning的意思是“质问,质疑”。    
      15。 Last year Mitsuo Setoyama; who was then education minister;raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War Ⅱ had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”。    
      【译文】 去年,时任教育大臣的濑户光夫提出二战后美国占领当局引进的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德观”,一时间舆论哗然。    
      【析句】 本句主语是Mitsuo Setoyama(濑户光夫),从句who was then education minister是其定语,谓语是raised eyebrows。when he argued that…是全句的时间状语从句,其中that引导的从句是argued的宾语,该宾语从句中主语是liberal reforms,谓语是had weakened,宾语是the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”, introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II是liberal reforms的定语。    
      【讲词】 raise eyebrows字面意思是“扬起眉毛”,但其实际意思是“引起不满”。The plan initiated by the government raised eyebrows in the country。(政府推行的计划引起了国人的不满。)    
      16。 With economic growth has e centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where munity and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated;twogeneration households。    
      【译文】 随着经济的发展,居住呈集中化。日本的人口为1。19亿,其中足有76%住在城市,在那里社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去,而取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。    
      【析句】 全句由两个并列的分句组成,由分号隔开。在第一分句中,主干是With economic growth has e centralization,是一个倒装结构,正常的词序是 Centralization has e with economic growth。在第二个分句中,in cities是状语,其后面跟了一个定语从句(where munity and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated;twogeneration households)。    
      【讲词】 centralization意为“集中化”,在句中指家庭成员减少,即一般的家庭都是 nuclear family(核心家庭),家庭成员只是父母加子女。与nuclear family相对的概念是extended family(扩大家庭),即家庭成员至少包括三代人。    
      munity通常译为“社区”;也可表示“社会”,如international munity(国际社会)。


正文2000 Passage 5

      2000 Passage 5    
      17。 If ambition is to be well regarded; the rewards of ambition—wealth; distinction; control over one's destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf。    
      【译文】 如果抱负得到高度的重视,那么它的回报——财富、声望、对个人命运的掌握——则必须被认为值得为之做出牺牲。    
      【析句】 此句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句If ambition is to be well regarded,全句的主语是the rewards of ambition,谓语是must be deemed,而破折号中的词语是插入语,作the rewards的同位语。made on ambition's behalf是 the sacrifices的定语。    
      【讲词】 distinction在句中意为“声望”。    
      ambition有“野心,雄心”的意思,但是考虑到“野心”和“雄心”在汉语中的含意不尽相同,一个是负面的表述,一个是正面的表述,因此译成“抱负”比较合适。    
      worthy of意为“对得起”或“不辜负”。He is a man worthy of our admiration。(他是一个值得我们称赞的人。)Is he worthy of your love?(他值得你爱吗?)    
      on behalf of意为“为了;代表”。This is a statement issued on behalf of the president。(这是以总统名义发表的声明。)I’d like to offer my congratulations on behalf of my family。(我代表全家向你表示祝贺。)    
      18。 If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality;it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired;the educated not least among them。    
      【译文】 如果抱负的传统具有生命力,那么它就应该受到广泛的推崇,尤其应该受到那些自身得到他人羡慕的人们的高度重视,尤其是其中接受过良好教育的人。    
      【析句】 本句由两个分句构成。前一个分句包含由if引导的条件状语,主句中的主语it指代the tradition of ambition。后一分句中who are themselves admired修饰 people,the educated not least among them是people的补语。注意people who are themselves admired指“自己也受人仰慕的人”。The educated among them是指为人仰慕的人当中那些接受过良好教育的人。    
      【讲词】 not least与not least of all意思相同,意为“尤其是”。It pays to know the enemy;not least because at some time you may have the opportunity to turn him into a friend。(了解敌人有好处,尤其是在某个时候你也许有机会把你的敌人变成你的朋友。)Control is critical to any business success;not least of all in China。(控制对于生意的成功是至关重要的,尤其是在中国。)    
      19。 There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this;a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them。    
      【译文】 这其中有着浓厚的虚伪成分,恰如马跑后再关上马厩的门那样,而受过良好教育的人自己正骑在那些马背上。    
      【析句】 a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped是前面主句的补语,with the educated themselves riding on them是补语中的伴随状语。后句的比喻,即马跑了再关上马厩的门与汉语的成语“亡羊补牢”没有任何关系,它的意思更接近于“掩耳盗铃”。作者在这里批评那些接受过良好教育的人,他们本人有野心或雄心,但却反过来谴责抱负。    
      【讲词】 hypocrisy意为“虚伪;伪善”。The Open Door policy advocated by the United States is sheer hypocrisy。(美国所倡导的门户开放政策是十足的虚伪表现。)hypocritical是形容词,意为“虚伪的”,hypocrite指虚伪的人。    
      note意为“口气,口吻;调子;成分”。There is a note of anxiety in her voice。(她的声音里有一点焦急的意思。)    
      20。 Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly。 Summer homes;European travel;BMWs—the locations;place names and name brands may change;but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。    
      【译文】 当然,人们现在对成功及其标志的兴趣似乎并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、宝马车——它们的位置、地名和商标可能会改变,但现在对这些东西的需求似乎并未比一二十年前减少。    
      【析句】 此处出现了两个比较级,less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。另外注意句中的双重否定:一是do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly,一是do n
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